A lens driving module is provided and includes a movable member for holding a lens, a fixed member movably connected to the movable member and includes a bottom spaced apart from the movable member, a first electromagnetic component, and an adhesive material disposed on the bottom. The bottom includes a conductive layer formed in the bottom and electrically connected to the first electromagnetic component, a position sensor electrically connected to the conductive layer, and a terminal electrically connected to the conductive layer and exposed by and partially embedded in the bottom, wherein a distance between an upper surface of the bottom and the movable member is less than a distance between the adhesive material and the movable member, a recess is formed on the upper surface, and the position sensor is disposed in the recess.

To provide a circuit board in which a curvature of a display surface can be controlled, or to provide a highly portable circuit board. A circuit board includes a substrate with flexibility and a curvature control mechanism. The curvature control mechanism includes a first electromagnet and a second electromagnet provided over a first surface of the substrate, an insulating film provided over the first and second electromagnets, and wirings electrically connected to the first and second electromagnets.

A multilayered electromagnetic assembly. The assembly has a plurality of substantially planar substrate layers, each substrate layer having a cutaway portion. An insulated electrically conductive material is provided, arranged in a spiral configuration on at least two of the substrate layers. The spiral configuration is formed from adjacent the cutaway portion to the edges of the substrate layer. The electrically conductive material is formed substantially on and/or partially recessed or beneath the surface of the substrate layer. The spiral configurations has first and second electrical contacts that are operable to pass electric current to electrical contacts of spiral configurations on other substrate layers. A ferromagnetic core is located through the cutaway portions of the substrate layers. The substrate layers are stacked and an electrical current is passed sequentially through the two or more spiral configurations, thereby generating a magnetic field in the core.

A valve includes an electrodynamic actuator which has a magnet arrangement for generating a magnetic field and a control element movable relative to the magnet arrangement. The control element includes an energizable coil which is arranged in the magnetic field and is firmly coupled to a coil carrier. The control element is movable between at least two defined positions. There are provided permanent-magnetically interacting holding force which retain the control element in at least one of the defined positions, even when the coil is currentless.

A kinesthetically enabled glove for providing kinesthetic feedback to a user are provided. The kinesthetically enabled glove incorporates various actuators configured to provide resistance to movement and/or to provide movement. Kinesthetic actuators employed include electroadhesive actuators, electromagnetic actuators, air-jamming actuators, and inertial mass actuators. The kinesthetic actuators are arranged in various portions of the kinesthetically enabled glove to provide force feedback at different locations. The kinesthetic glove may be employed during interaction with a computer system, providing a user with a more immersive experience.

A device for manipulating magnetic particles, and the method of fabricating and use thereof. The device includes a substrate; a conductive element formed onto the substrate in a pattern shaped to enhance a magnetic field generated in response to an applied current; an insulating layer to isolate the conductive element from a magnetic element; and a magnetic element formed onto the insulating layer to enhance a magnetic force resulting from the magnetic field generated by the conductive element. The magnetic element can be shaped similarly to the conductive element, and edges of the magnetic element are substantially aligned with edges of the conductive element. During fabrication, the substrate and the conductive element can be heated to cause the substrate to shrink thereby resulting in a wrinkled structure at the conductive element. The device can be used to manipulate the magnetic particles within a biological sample, such as cells and/or biomolecules.

To provide a circuit board in which a curvature of a display surface can be controlled, or to provide a highly portable circuit board. A circuit board includes a substrate with flexibility and a curvature control mechanism. The curvature control mechanism includes a first electromagnet and a second electromagnet provided over a first surface of the substrate, an insulating film provided over the first and second electromagnets, and wirings electrically connected to the first and second electromagnets.

A multilayer substrate includes a stacked body including a principal surface and insulating base material layers made of a thermoplastic resin that are stacked, and a coil including coil conductors. The coil includes a winding axis in a stacking direction. The coil conductors includes a first coil conductor closest to the principal surface, and a second coil conductor adjacent to or in a vicinity of the first coil conductor. The second coil conductor includes a wide portion of which a line width is larger than a line width of the first coil conductor. The wide portion includes an overlapping portion that overlaps with the first coil conductor, and a non-overlapping portion that does not overlap with the first coil conductor, when viewed from the stacking direction. The non-overlapping portion is curved to be closer to the principal surface than to the overlapping portion.

An electric element includes a substrate including a resin layer and a first conductive body, and a magnet. The substrate includes a first principal surface facing the magnet. The first conductive body includes a coil portion having a winding axis orthogonal to the first principal surface and located on a side closest to the first principal surface. The coil portion includes a continuous coil conductor including a first coil surface facing the first principal surface and a second coil surface opposite to the first coil surface. The coil conductor has a non-uniform thickness in a winding axis direction varying a distance between the first and second coil surfaces, and a difference of maximum and minimum values of distance between the first coil surface and the first principal surface is smaller than a difference of maximum and minimum values of distance between the second coil surface and the first principal surface.

Various embodiments of electric lighting devices and, in particular, electric candles are described. The devices can include a flame element onto which light can be projected from a light source. Preferably, the light is projected within a focal area on the flame element. The housing of the devices can include projections that help maintain a vertical position of a circuit board within the housing.