Various embodiments include a circuit arrangement comprising: a heat sink; and a set of layers arranged on a surface of the heat sink. The set of layers includes a first electrically insulating insulation layer and an electrically conductive conductor layer arranged on a side of the insulation layer facing away from the heat sink. The set of layers includes an electrical connecting path between two electrical connection regions. At least one layer of the set of layers is formed by cold gas spraying of a respective material.

Various embodiments include a circuit arrangement comprising: a heat sink; and a set of layers arranged on a surface of the heat sink. The set of layers includes a first electrically insulating insulation layer and an electrically conductive conductor layer arranged on a side of the insulation layer facing away from the heat sink. The set of layers includes an electrical connecting path between two electrical connection regions. At least one layer of the set of layers is formed by cold gas spraying of a respective material.

The present application discloses a method to optimize operation of a transformer cooling system, the corresponding cooling system, and a method to determine the capacity of Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) that are used in the transformer cooling system. The method comprises: preprocessing the initial data input by user; collecting the on-line data, and calculating the optimized control command to meet the requirement of the transformer loss, top-oil temperature variation and noise; and executing the control actions by controlling a controllable switch and/or sending a control command to a VFD. Compared with the existing prior arts, the proposed solutions are much more intuitive and practical in the field of the cooling system.

The present application discloses a method to optimize operation of a transformer cooling system, the corresponding cooling system, and a method to determine the capacity of Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) that are used in the transformer cooling system. The method comprises: preprocessing the initial data input by user; collecting the on-line data, and calculating the optimized control command to meet the requirement of the transformer loss, top-oil temperature variation and noise; and executing the control actions by controlling a controllable switch and/or sending a control command to a VFD. Compared with the existing prior arts, the proposed solutions are much more intuitive and practical in the field of the cooling system.

A transformer apparatus that may be applied as a distribution circuit adaptor (DCA) inserted into a branch supply circuit to reduce losses in a power distribution network. More particularly, implementations of the present disclosure provide a high-efficiency 2-phase dry type transformer apparatus with a removable core, as well as integrated instrumentation and thermal self-management.

A transformer apparatus that may be applied as a distribution circuit adaptor (DCA) inserted into a branch supply circuit to reduce losses in a power distribution network. More particularly, implementations of the present disclosure provide a high-efficiency 2-phase dry type transformer apparatus with a removable core, as well as integrated instrumentation and thermal self-management.

An inductor includes a plurality of stacked core parts having aligned central openings, at least one spacer separating the core parts from one another, and a winding comprising a plurality turns wound around the stack of core parts through central openings of the core parts. The at least one spacer may include respective groups of spacers disposed between respective pairs of the core parts. In some embodiments, the at least one spacer may include a plurality of spacers disposed between first and second ones of the core parts and radially distributed in a circular pattern aligned with the first and second core parts.

An inductor includes a plurality of stacked core parts having aligned central openings, at least one spacer separating the core parts from one another, and a winding comprising a plurality turns wound around the stack of core parts through central openings of the core parts. The at least one spacer may include respective groups of spacers disposed between respective pairs of the core parts. In some embodiments, the at least one spacer may include a plurality of spacers disposed between first and second ones of the core parts and radially distributed in a circular pattern aligned with the first and second core parts.

The present invention relates to an electrical device comprising a gas-insulated transformer or reactor. The electrical device comprises a housing enclosing an interior space, at least a portion of which defining an insulation space containing a dielectric insulation fluid comprising an organofluorine compound, and an electrical component being arranged in the insulation space and being surrounded by the insulation fluid. The electrical component comprises at least one winding. The electrical device further comprises an electrical connector for bringing the apparatus from non-operational state to operational state by connecting at least one winding to a power grid. The device further comprises an auxiliary power source which is connectable to at least one winding when the apparatus is in the non-operational state.

The present invention relates to an electrical device comprising a gas-insulated transformer or reactor. The electrical device comprises a housing enclosing an interior space, at least a portion of which defining an insulation space containing a dielectric insulation fluid comprising an organofluorine compound, and an electrical component being arranged in the insulation space and being surrounded by the insulation fluid. The electrical component comprises at least one winding. The electrical device further comprises an electrical connector for bringing the apparatus from non-operational state to operational state by connecting at least one winding to a power grid. The device further comprises an auxiliary power source which is connectable to at least one winding when the apparatus is in the non-operational state.