A toroidal magnetic element. A plurality of coils is arranged in a toroidal configuration. Each coil may be a hollow cylinder, formed by winding a rectangular wire into a roll. The coils alternate with spacers, each of which may be a wedge. The coils may alternate in winding orientation, and the inner end of each coil may be connected, through a connection pin, to the inner end of an adjacent coil. Small gaps are formed between the coils and the wedges, e.g. as a result of each wedge having, on its two faces, a plurality of raised ribs, against which the coils abut. Cooling fluid flows through the gaps to cool the coils.

A toroidal magnetic element. A plurality of coils is arranged in a toroidal configuration. Each coil may be a hollow cylinder, formed by winding a rectangular wire into a roll. The coils alternate with spacers, each of which may be a wedge. The coils may alternate in winding orientation, and the inner end of each coil may be connected, through a connection pin, to the inner end of an adjacent coil. Small gaps are formed between the coils and the wedges, e.g. as a result of each wedge having, on its two faces, a plurality of raised ribs, against which the coils abut. Cooling fluid flows through the gaps to cool the coils.

An object is to improve a core and heat radiation properties from the coil, and to reduce the size of a transformer. In order to attain the object described above, a transformer includes a bobbin wound around with a coil, a columnar core center portion in which the bobbin is mounted, and a plurality of core leg portions joining both ends of the core center portion on the outside of the coil. The size of the core leg portion is larger than the size of the other core leg portions, and the core leg portion includes a flat outer circumferential surface approximately parallel to a surface which is tangent to an outer circumferential side surface of the coil. The transformer is disposed in a housing such that the outer circumferential surface of the core leg portion is tangent to a floor surface of the housing.

An object is to improve a core and heat radiation properties from the coil, and to reduce the size of a transformer. In order to attain the object described above, a transformer includes a bobbin wound around with a coil, a columnar core center portion in which the bobbin is mounted, and a plurality of core leg portions joining both ends of the core center portion on the outside of the coil. The size of the core leg portion is larger than the size of the other core leg portions, and the core leg portion includes a flat outer circumferential surface approximately parallel to a surface which is tangent to an outer circumferential side surface of the coil. The transformer is disposed in a housing such that the outer circumferential surface of the core leg portion is tangent to a floor surface of the housing.

Various embodiments include a circuit arrangement comprising: a heat sink; and a set of layers arranged on a surface of the heat sink. The set of layers includes a first electrically insulating insulation layer and an electrically conductive conductor layer arranged on a side of the insulation layer facing away from the heat sink. The set of layers includes an electrical connecting path between two electrical connection regions. At least one layer of the set of layers is formed by cold gas spraying of a respective material.

Various embodiments include a circuit arrangement comprising: a heat sink; and a set of layers arranged on a surface of the heat sink. The set of layers includes a first electrically insulating insulation layer and an electrically conductive conductor layer arranged on a side of the insulation layer facing away from the heat sink. The set of layers includes an electrical connecting path between two electrical connection regions. At least one layer of the set of layers is formed by cold gas spraying of a respective material.

Methods and apparatuses for cooling an electronic device assembly having a heat producing are described. An electronic device assembly includes a heat dissipation member and a dielectric two-phase heat transfer device. The dielectric heat transfer device has an evaporator region thermally attached to a hot region of the heat producing component and a condenser region thermally attached to the heat dissipation member. The dielectric two-phase heat transfer device is fabricated from a dielectric material.

Methods and apparatuses for cooling an electronic device assembly having a heat producing are described. An electronic device assembly includes a heat dissipation member and a dielectric two-phase heat transfer device. The dielectric heat transfer device has an evaporator region thermally attached to a hot region of the heat producing component and a condenser region thermally attached to the heat dissipation member. The dielectric two-phase heat transfer device is fabricated from a dielectric material.

A transformer apparatus that may be applied as a distribution circuit adaptor (DCA) inserted into a branch supply circuit to reduce losses in a power distribution network. More particularly, implementations of the present disclosure provide a high-efficiency 2-phase dry type transformer apparatus with a removable core, as well as integrated instrumentation and thermal self-management.

A transformer apparatus that may be applied as a distribution circuit adaptor (DCA) inserted into a branch supply circuit to reduce losses in a power distribution network. More particularly, implementations of the present disclosure provide a high-efficiency 2-phase dry type transformer apparatus with a removable core, as well as integrated instrumentation and thermal self-management.