An electrolytic capacitor includes a capacitor element. The capacitor element includes an electrode group including an anode body, a cathode body, a separator, and an electrolyte layer. The anode body and the cathode body each has a foil shape. The anode body has a dielectric layer on a surface of the anode body. The electrolyte layer is in contact with the anode body, the cathode body, and the separator. The electrolyte layer contains a conductive polymer and a hydroxyl group-containing compound having a melting point of 50° C. or higher. The hydroxyl group-containing compound is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a sugar and a polyhydric alcohol. The hydroxyl group-containing compound is unevenly distributed more in a peripheral portion of the capacitor element than in a central portion of the capacitor element.

An electrolytic capacitor includes an anode body having a dielectric layer; a solid electrolyte layer in contact with the dielectric layer of the anode body; and an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution contains a solvent and a solute. The solvent contains a glycol compound. The solute contains an acid component and a base component. A mass of the acid component in the solute is greater than a mass of the base component in the solute. The acid component contains a first aromatic compound having a hydroxyl group.

A photovoltaic device (10) is provided that comprises serially arranged photovoltaic device cells (10A, 10B). Each cell having a transparent electrode layer region electrical conductors (121A, . . . , 124A) forming an electric contact with the transparent electrode layer region, a photo-voltaic stack portion (14A, 14B) that extends over the transparent electrode region (11A, 11B) and over an insulated portion of the electrical conductors, a further electrode region (15A, 5B) that extends over the photovoltaic stack portion (14A,14B). A further electrode region (15A) of a photovoltaic device cell (10A) extends over electric contacts formed by exposed ends (12B1) of the electrical conductors of a subsequent photovoltaic device cell (10B).

An electrolytic capacitor includes a capacitor element. The capacitor element includes an anode body and an electrolyte layer. The anode body has a dielectric layer on a surface of the anode body. The electrolyte layer is disposed to be adjacent to the dielectric layer. The electrolyte layer contains a first conductive polymer and a non-aqueous solvent. The first conductive polymer is a self-doped conductive polymer.

Example embodiments generally relate to a detector for electromagnetic radiation such as a detector comprising a first, pixelated electrode layer comprising a plurality of electrode pixels, a first layer comprising a plurality of tiles comprising a material configured to absorb and convert the electromagnetic radiation, and a second electrode layer, as well as a method of producing a detector for electromagnetic radiation, comprising providing a first, pixelated electrode layer comprising a plurality of electrode pixels, applying a plurality of tiles comprising a material configured to absorb and convert the electromagnetic radiation on the first, pixelated electrode layer, and applying a second electrode layer on the first layer.

A method for producing an electrolytic capacitor includes: preparing an anode foil, a cathode foil, and a fibrous structure, the anode foil having a porous portion including a dielectric layer; preparing a conductive polymer-containing liquid, the conductive polymer-containing liquid containing a conductive polymer component and a first solvent;

forming a separator by removing at least a part of the first solvent after applying the conductive polymer-containing liquid to the fibrous structure; forming a capacitor element from the anode foil, the separator, and the cathode foil; and impregnating the capacitor element with an electrolytic solution. An electrical conductivity of the electrolytic solution at 30° C. is 3.0 mS/cm or more.

A method is provided for manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. The method includes forming an ester material by adding at least one acid to a glycol, and quenching the ester material for a determined period. The method also includes adding an ammonium based material to the ester material after the ester material is quenched, and adding an additional acid after adding the ammonium based material to form an electrolytic material for the electrolytic capacitor.

A photoelectric conversion device includes: a substrate; a first photoelectric conversion element including a first substrate electrode, a first active layer and a first counter electrode; a second photoelectric conversion element including a second substrate electrode, a second active layer, and a second counter electrode; and a connection connecting the first counter electrode and the second substrate electrode. The second active layer is represented by a composition formula: A.sub.αBX.sub.χ, where A denotes at least one cation selected from monovalent cations, B denotes at least one cation selected from bivalent cations, and X denotes at least one ion selected from monovalent halogen ions; and the second active layer has a first and a second compound layer, the first compound layer containing a first compound satisfying 0.95≤α, and 2.95≤χ, and the second compound layer containing a second compound satisfying α<0.95, and χ<2.95.

Provided is a method for preparing lead iodide, which controls the crystal form of lead iodide through temperature, including: dissolving a lead compound in a first acid solution and adding an iodine compound to form a reaction solution including the first lead iodide; and heating the reaction solution to a temperature of 60° C. or more and standing at a constant temperature, to obtain the second lead iodide, wherein a peak intensity of the (003) crystal plane of the second lead iodide is greater than or equal to a peak intensity of the (110) crystal plane. Provided is also a method for preparing the perovskite film.

Provided is a solid electrolytic capacitor having large capacitance, low ESR, and superior high-frequency characteristics and high-temperature endurance. The solid electrolytic capacitor is provided with: a cathode 10 having a cathode substrate 11 made of a valve metal and having an etching pit 11a; an oxide layer 12 made of an oxide of the valve metal provided on a surface of the cathode substrate 11, and a carbon coating layer 13 provided on a surface of the oxide layer 12, the carbon coating layer 13 including carbon particles and having an entry area 13a that enters the etching pit 11a and a penetration area 13b that penetrates through the oxide layer 12 and conducts with the cathode substrate 11; an anode having an anode substrate made of a valve metal, and a dielectric layer provided on a surface of the anode substrate and made of an oxide of the valve metal that composes the anode substrate; and a solid electrolyte layer including a conductive polymer provided between the carbon coating layer of the cathode and the dielectric layer of the anode.