The invention provides a suitable method and an appropriate PV film structure. This aim is achieved by a room temperature method in which aqueous dispersions are printed onto a substrate and cured by an accompanying reaction. The accompanying reaction forms gradients and also nanoscale structures at the film boundaries, which produce a PV active film having standard performance and a higher stability. At around 10% efficiency, stability and no initial loss in performance in the climatic chamber test can be obtained and over a 20 year test period, consistently less fluctuation can be achieved. The method is free from tempering or sintering steps, enables the use of technically pure, advantageous starting materials and makes the PV film structure available as a finished, highly flexible cell for a fraction of the typical investment in production or distribution.

A conductive textile is provided comprising a textile substrate comprising a network of one or more threads, each thread comprising one or more fibers, the one or more threads arranged to define a plurality of pores and a plurality of intersections distributed throughout the textile substrate, and a conductive polymer coating on a surface of the textile substrate, wherein the textile substrate is characterized by a porosity which is sufficiently high to achieve a substantially maximum conductivity for the conductive textile. The conductive textile may be incorporated into a variety of electronic devices, including solar cells.

An ammonium acetate selected from the group of pentylammonium acetate, phenylethylammonium acetate, 2-([1,1-biphenyl]-4-yl) ethan-1-amine acetate, butanammonium acetate, hexylammonium acetate, octylammonium acetate, phenylbutanammonium acetate, and any combination thereof, is used to modify a perovskite layer in a perovskite solar cell. A perovskite solar cell includes a perovskite layer and an interface modification layer that is in contact with the perovskite layer and includes at least one ammonium acetate provided herein. A method of preparing the inverted perovskite solar cell.

A photovoltaic device includes one or more features that taken alone or in combination enhance its efficiency. Some embodiments may comprise a tandem solar device in which a top PV cell is fabricated upon a front transparent substrate, that also serves as the top encapsulating substance. The top PV cell including the front encapsulating substance is then bonded (e.g., using adhesive) to a bottom PV cell in order to complete the tandem device. Using the same transparent, insulating element as both front encapsulating substance and a substrate for fabricating the top PV cell, obviates to the need to provide a separate structure (with resulting interfaces) to perform the latter role. For tandem and non-tandem PV devices, a Through-Substrate-Via (TSV) structure may extend through an insulating substrate in order to provide contact with an opposite side (e.g., back electrode). Embodiments may find particular use in fabricating shingled perovskite photovoltaic solar cells.

The invention relates to electrochemical devices comprising complexes of cobalt comprising at least one ligand with a 5- or six membered, N-containing heteroring. The complex are useful as p- and n-dopants, as over of electrochemical devices, in particular in organic semiconductors. The complexes are further useful as over-discharge prevention and overvoltage protection agents.

An ammonium acetate selected from the group of pentylammonium acetate, phenylethylammonium acetate, 2-([1,1-biphenyl]-4-yl) ethan-1-amine acetate, butanammonium acetate, hexylammonium acetate, octylammonium acetate, phenylbutanammonium acetate, and any combination thereof, is used to modify a perovskite layer in a perovskite solar cell. A perovskite solar cell includes a perovskite layer and an interface modification layer that is in contact with the perovskite layer and includes at least one ammonium acetate provided herein. A method of preparing the inverted perovskite solar cell.

A solar cell system and a flexible solar panel are disclosed herein. The solar cell system includes a glass housing, a set of rows of solar cells each defining a front side and a rear side and arranged within the glass housing. The solar cell system can also include a reflective element disposed in the glass housing and facing the rear side of the set of rows of solar cells and a first terminal coupled to a first end of the set of rows of solar cells, traversing through and sealed against the first end of the glass housing. The solar cell system can be configured with other solar cell systems into the flexible solar panel that is deployable in a wide range of potential applications.

A solar cell system and a flexible solar panel are disclosed herein. The solar cell system includes a glass housing, a set of rows of solar cells each defining a front side and a rear side and arranged within the glass housing. The solar cell system can also include a reflective element disposed in the glass housing and facing the rear side of the set of rows of solar cells and a first terminal coupled to a first end of the set of rows of solar cells, traversing through and sealed against the first end of the glass housing. The solar cell system can be configured with other solar cell systems into the flexible solar panel that is deployable in a wide range of potential applications.