To provide a secondary battery that can be mounted on a substrate and can easily select a voltage to be output in manufacture and a manufacturing method thereof. A secondary battery in which small cells with substantially the same form are stacked and whose voltage to be output is easily selected in manufacture by changing the number of stacked layers is manufactured. In the cell, an electrolytic solution including a spacer and a polymer is used to keep at least a certain distance between the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer with the spacer. Furthermore, the electrolytic solution is made to gelate by the polymer to be an electrolytic solution that can be formed in the form of a sheet. Furthermore, the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer are formed using a printing method typified by screen printing.

Fiber-reinforced composites is provided. The composites include a plurality of prepreg layers, each comprising a polymeric resin and a plurality of fibers disposed therein; and at least one electrically-conductive layer at least partially embedded in the plurality of prepreg layers. These fiber-reinforced composites can save weight relative to externally provided wires and can be provided in forms suitable for use in automated fiber placement and automated tape layup machines. Advantageous applications include uses in lightning strike protection, energy storage, signal transmission, and power distribution.

A power storage module comprises: an electrode stacked body including a stacked body in which a plurality of bipolar electrodes are stacked, a pair of terminal electrodes located on an outer side of the stacked body in a stacking direction of the bipolar electrodes, and a plurality of metal plates which constitute the stacked body and the pair of terminal electrodes; and a sealing body provided to surround a side surface of the electrode stacked body. The sealing body includes a plurality of first sealing portions coupled to edge portions of the plurality of metal plates, and a second sealing portion that couples the first sealing portions to each other. A thickness adjustment member that adjusts the thickness of the electrode stacked body in the stacking direction is disposed in the electrode stacked body at a position of overlapping the first sealing portions when viewed from the stacking direction.

A capacitor module includes at least one capacitor element (101) and a cooling structure (103) for cooling the capacitor element. The electrical terminals (102a, 102b) of the capacitor element are mechanically connected to the cooling structure to be in heat-conductive relations with the cooling structure so that at least one of the electrical terminals of the capacitor element is mechanically connected to the cooling structure via a flexible connection element (104a, 104b) made of electrically conductive material. The flexible connection element allows the corresponding electrical terminal to move with respect to the cooling structure when the distance (D) between the electrical terminals is changing because of changes in load and/or temperature, and/or because of ageing.

A capacitor module includes at least one capacitor element (101) and a cooling structure (103) for cooling the capacitor element. The electrical terminals (102a, 102b) of the capacitor element are mechanically connected to the cooling structure to be in heat-conductive relations with the cooling structure so that at least one of the electrical terminals of the capacitor element is mechanically connected to the cooling structure via a flexible connection element (104a, 104b) made of electrically conductive material. The flexible connection element allows the corresponding electrical terminal to move with respect to the cooling structure when the distance (D) between the electrical terminals is changing because of changes in load and/or temperature, and/or because of ageing.

An ultracapacitor that comprises a first and second electrochemical cell that are connected in parallel is provided. The cells are define by a first electrode that contains a current collector having opposing sides coated with a carbonaceous material, a second electrode that contains a current collector having opposing sides coated with a carbonaceous material, and a separator positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second cell is by the second electrode, a third electrode that contains a current collector having opposing sides coated with a carbonaceous material, and a separator positioned between the second electrode and the third electrode. The ultracapacitor also contains a nonaqueous electrolyte that is in ionic contact with the electrodes and contains a nonaqueous solvent and an ionic liquid. A package encloses the first cell, the second cell, and the nonaqueous electrolyte.

An ultracapacitor that comprises a first and second electrochemical cell that are connected in parallel is provided. The cells are define by a first electrode that contains a current collector having opposing sides coated with a carbonaceous material, a second electrode that contains a current collector having opposing sides coated with a carbonaceous material, and a separator positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second cell is by the second electrode, a third electrode that contains a current collector having opposing sides coated with a carbonaceous material, and a separator positioned between the second electrode and the third electrode. The ultracapacitor also contains a nonaqueous electrolyte that is in ionic contact with the electrodes and contains a nonaqueous solvent and an ionic liquid. A package encloses the first cell, the second cell, and the nonaqueous electrolyte.

An electric storage device includes an electrolyte and an electric storage unit including a positive electrode including a positive-electrode collector electrode and a positive-electrode active-material layer disposed on the positive-electrode collector electrode; a negative electrode including a negative-electrode collector electrode and a negative-electrode active-material layer disposed on the negative-electrode collector electrode and facing the positive-electrode active-material layer; a first insulating layer bonded to the positive electrode and the negative electrode to isolate the positive electrode and the negative electrode from each other; and a region that is sealed with the first insulating layer in plan view and that holds the electrolyte between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein an air permeability P of the first insulating layer satisfies the formula 1250 s/100 cc<P<95000 s/100 cc.

An electric storage device includes an electrolyte and an electric storage unit including a positive electrode including a positive-electrode collector electrode and a positive-electrode active-material layer disposed on the positive-electrode collector electrode; a negative electrode including a negative-electrode collector electrode and a negative-electrode active-material layer disposed on the negative-electrode collector electrode and facing the positive-electrode active-material layer; a first insulating layer bonded to the positive electrode and the negative electrode to isolate the positive electrode and the negative electrode from each other; and a region that is sealed with the first insulating layer in plan view and that holds the electrolyte between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein an air permeability P of the first insulating layer satisfies the formula 1250 s/100 cc<P<95000 s/100 cc.

According to a novel fabrication method, a new composition of matter includes a large percentage (e.g., 75% or higher percentage) of primary nanoparticles in the new composition of matter. The novel fabrication method reduces the size of nanoparticle clusters in material of the new composition of matter, allows fabrication of specific nanoparticle cluster sizes, and allows fabrication of primary nanoparticles. This new composition of matter can include a high permittivity and high resistivity dielectric compound. This new composition of matter, according to certain examples, has high permittivity, high resistivity, and low leakage current. In certain examples, the new composition of matter constitutes a dielectric energy storage device that is a battery with very high energy density, high operating voltage per cell, and an extended battery life cycle.