Provided is a lithium battery, wherein the battery comprises an anode, a cathode, wherein the cathode comprises one or more transition metals, an electrolyte, and a porous separator interposed between the cathode and anode, wherein the separator comprises an anionic compound. Also provided are methods of manufacturing such batteries.

A pressure control valve structure includes a wall portion having a plurality of communication holes communicating with the internal space, a plurality of tubular portions surrounding the communication holes and extending outwardly from a wall surface of the wall portion as a proximal end, an elastic valve body disposed in each of the tubular portions and having a first end surface and a second surface opposite from the first surface, an outer peripheral wall surrounding the plurality of tubular portions collectively, and a cover fixed to the outer peripheral wall. The tubular portions are spaced from the cover. The tubular portions has an inner wall surface that includes an inclined surface that is inclined downwardly in a gravity direction from the proximal end of the tubular portion to a distal end of the tubular portion with a compression direction of the elastic valve body set extending horizontally.

A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including an electrode body having a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and a battery case is provided. The battery case includes a case body having an opening and configured to house the electrode body and the non-aqueous electrolyte, and a lid configured to close the opening. The lid includes a plate-shaped lid body, a valve portion configured to open when the internal pressure of the battery case is higher than a valve opening pressure determined in advance, and a degassing portion configured to set to be an opening pressure higher than the valve opening pressure of the valve portion.

A seal plate (2) seals an opening part of a capacitor case (an exterior case 52) and includes a main body part (4) including a through-hole (8) for discharging a gas (G) in the capacitor case, a pressure valve (12) arranged to cover the through-hole and including a valve body part (26) allowing passage of the gas, a storage part (16) formed in the through-hole to receive the valve body part expanded due to a pressure in the capacitor case, and a stopper (stopper wall 10) that includes an opening part (20) for discharging the gas passing through the valve body part and that comes into contact with a portion of the valve body part in the storage part to deform the valve body part. This achieves an increase in gas permeability of the pressure valve and a high operating pressure maintained in the pressure valve.

A polytetrafluoroethylene film for electronic components, characterized in that the polytetrafluoroethylene film can have a density of 1.40 g/cm.sup.3 or higher and an air impermeability of 3,000 seconds or higher.

A battery includes a battery element, a housing body, and a valve device. The housing body is constituted by at least one laminate and includes an interior space in which the battery element is housed, a first housing portion that covers the interior space from a first side, and a second housing portion that covers the interior space from a second side. The valve device is attached to the housing body and can make interior space of housing body be in communication with an external space. A joined edge portion is formed in housing body as a result of the first and second housing portion being fused along respective peripheral edge portions. The valve device is sandwiched between the first and second housing portion in the joined edge portion, and an inner end of the valve device protrudes from an inner edge of joined edge portion toward the interior space.

An energy storage device is provided with a case including a lid body in which a gas release valve is formed. The gas release valve includes a thin wall with a thickness smaller than a thickness of a portion adjacent to the gas release valve. The thin wall includes an intermediate portion and two lateral portions that are arranged at positions sandwiching the intermediate portion in a first direction. As viewed from a normal direction to the lid body, the intermediate portion is disposed at the middle position in the first direction of the lid body and is formed with a width, in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, smaller than those of the two lateral portions.

Described are energy storage devices employing a gas storage structure, which can accommodate or store gas evolved from the energy storage device. The energy storage device comprises an electrochemical cell with electrodes comprising metal-containing compositions, like metal oxides, metal nitrides, or metal hydrides, and a solid state electrolyte.

There is demand for a lithium ion capacitor positive electrode that can improve the battery characteristics (and, in particular, the rate characteristics) of a lithium ion capacitor. This lithium ion capacitor positive electrode is characterized by containing, in a positive electrode active material, at least one titanate selected from among Li.sub.2TiO.sub.3, Li.sub.4Ti.sub.5O.sub.12, Na.sub.2TiO.sub.3, and K.sub.2Ti.sub.2O.sub.5.

A precharging circuit for precharging an intermediate circuit capacitor of a converter formed from at least one electrolytic capacitor using a grid current from a supply grid before the converter is connected to the supply grid and is used for the reformation of at least one electrolytic capacitor of the intermediate circuit capacitor. A method is provided for the reformation of an intermediate circuit capacitor of a converter formed from at least one electrolytic capacitor, which is connected to the supply grid using a precharging circuit. A converter is created for converting an AC grid voltage into a direct voltage or vice versa, with a device for the reformation of electrolytic capacitors of an intermediate circuit capacitor of the converter using an integrated precharging circuit of the converter. Existing hardware can be used for the reformation of electrolytic capacitors in a converter, and the expense associated with the reformation can be minimized.