Disclosed herein is electrode comprising a current collector comprising a conductor layer having at least a first surface; and elongated metal carbide nanostructures extending from the first surface; and a carbonaceous energy storage media disposed on the first surface and in contact with the elongated metal carbide nanostructures. Disclosed herein too is an ultracapacitor comprising at least one electrode comprising a current collector comprising a conductor layer having at least a first surface; and elongated metal carbide nanostructures extending from the first surface; and a carbonaceous energy storage media disposed on the first surface and in contact with the elongated metal carbide nanostructures.

Disclosed herein is electrode comprising a current collector comprising a conductor layer having at least a first surface; and elongated metal carbide nanostructures extending from the first surface; and a carbonaceous energy storage media disposed on the first surface and in contact with the elongated metal carbide nanostructures. Disclosed herein too is an ultracapacitor comprising at least one electrode comprising a current collector comprising a conductor layer having at least a first surface; and elongated metal carbide nanostructures extending from the first surface; and a carbonaceous energy storage media disposed on the first surface and in contact with the elongated metal carbide nanostructures.

A positive electrode for an energy storage device according to one aspect of the present invention includes a positive active material layer containing a positive active material and a carbon nanotube, in which in a Log differential pore volume distribution of the positive active material layer measured by a mercury intrusion method, an average value of a ratio of a Log differential pore volume to a pore diameter in a range of a pore diameter of 20 nm or more and 200 nm or less is 3000 cm.sup.2/g or more.

An electrode comprising galvanic membranes having a thickness defined by an average length of vectors normal to a membrane first surface and extending to where said vectors intersect a membrane uncompressed second surface; a non-porous metal sheet having first and second surfaces; a non-porous dielectric sheet having first and second surfaces; square weave metal wire screens having a wire diameter slightly greater than one half the at least one galvanic membrane thickness dimension; wherein, at least one galvanic membrane is adjacent the metal wire screen on the at least one galvanic membrane first and second surfaces in a stack of membranes and screens; the metal wire screen is adjacent the first surface of the non-porous dielectric sheet; the second surfaces of non-porous metal sheets have a sustained pressure of at least 7 million Pascal; and; the metal wire screen is collectively in incompressible vertical alignment with another metal wire screen.

An electrode comprising galvanic membranes having a thickness defined by an average length of vectors normal to a membrane first surface and extending to where said vectors intersect a membrane uncompressed second surface; a non-porous metal sheet having first and second surfaces; a non-porous dielectric sheet having first and second surfaces; square weave metal wire screens having a wire diameter slightly greater than one half the at least one galvanic membrane thickness dimension; wherein, at least one galvanic membrane is adjacent the metal wire screen on the at least one galvanic membrane first and second surfaces in a stack of membranes and screens; the metal wire screen is adjacent the first surface of the non-porous dielectric sheet; the second surfaces of non-porous metal sheets have a sustained pressure of at least 7 million Pascal; and; the metal wire screen is collectively in incompressible vertical alignment with another metal wire screen.

An anode material including a metal oxide-conductive inorganic material complex including a metal oxide and a conductive inorganic material bound to the metal oxide, wherein the complex is doped with one or more doping elements selected from the group consisting of transition metals and amphoteric metal elements, and a preparation method thereof, are provided.

Microsupercapacitors (MSCs), as well as methods of fabricating the same and methods of using the same, are provided. An MSC can include interdigitated microelectrodes having reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (e.g., vertically aligned nanosheets thereof) disposed on upper surfaces of the microelectrodes. The MSC can be fabricated by preparing a micro-current collector (MCC) comprising the interdigitated microelectrodes using photolithography and then performing a bipolar electrochemistry process on the MCC to deposit rGO on the upper surfaces of the interdigitated microelectrodes (e.g., in a single-step in situ exfoliation, reduction, and deposition).

Microsupercapacitors (MSCs), as well as methods of fabricating the same and methods of using the same, are provided. An MSC can include interdigitated microelectrodes having reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (e.g., vertically aligned nanosheets thereof) disposed on upper surfaces of the microelectrodes. The MSC can be fabricated by preparing a micro-current collector (MCC) comprising the interdigitated microelectrodes using photolithography and then performing a bipolar electrochemistry process on the MCC to deposit rGO on the upper surfaces of the interdigitated microelectrodes (e.g., in a single-step in situ exfoliation, reduction, and deposition).

An aspect of the present invention is an energy storage device including: a negative electrode including a pair of flat portions facing each other and a curved folding portion connecting end portions on one side of the pair of flat portions to each other; and a sheet-like positive electrode disposed between the pair of flat portions of the negative electrode, in which the negative electrode includes a negative electrode substrate and a negative active material layer stacked on a surface of the negative electrode substrate directly or indirectly in a non-pressed or low-pressure pressed state, the negative active material layer contains a negative active material, the negative active material contains solid graphite particles, and the solid graphite particle has an aspect ratio of 1 or more and 5 or less.

An electrochemical apparatus, including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte, where the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer has a relatively small contact angle with respect to a non-aqueous solvent. The electrochemical apparatus has improved cycling performance, rate performance, and direct-current resistance.