A capacitor electrode includes a conductive base member and an electrode part electrically connected to the base member. The electrode part contains carbon particles of a first carbon material capable of adsorbing and desorbing ions. The electrode part further contains voids including first voids with diameters of not less than 0.2 μm and not more than 1.0 μm, and second voids with diameters of not less than 0.05 μm and less than 0.2 μm. The value of (V.sub.A×V.sub.A)/(V.sub.B×M) is greater than 0.022, where V.sub.A is the sum of the volumes of the first voids, V.sub.B is the sum of the volumes of the second voids, and M is the volume of the electrode part per unit weight of the electrode part.

An electric double layer capacitor electrode, including: an activated carbon having: a pore volume utilization efficiency (PVUE) of from about 200 to 290 F/cm.sup.3, wherein PVUE is the ratio of the activated carbon gravimetric capacitance (F/g) to the pore volume (cm.sup.3/g) of the activated carbon; a low non-linearity value of from 0.1 to 5%; and a total pore volume of from 0.32 to 0.56 cm.sup.3/g. Also disclosed is a method of making an electric double layer capacitor electrode, and a method of characterizing the performance of activated carbon, and the electrode, in an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) device, as defined, herein.

Capacitors having electrodes made of interconnected corrugated carbon-based networks (ICCNs) are disclosed. The ICCN electrodes have properties that include high surface area and high electrical conductivity. Moreover, the electrodes are fabricated into an interdigital planar geometry with dimensions that range down to a sub-micron scale. As such, micro-supercapacitors employing ICCN electrodes are fabricated on flexible substrates for realizing flexible electronics and on-chip applications that can be integrated with micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology and complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology in a single chip. In addition, capacitors fabricated of ICCN electrodes that sandwich an ion porous separator realize relatively thin and flexible supercapacitors that provide compact and lightweight yet high density energy storage for scalable applications.

Capacitors having electrodes made of interconnected corrugated carbon-based networks (ICCNs) are disclosed. The ICCN electrodes have properties that include high surface area and high electrical conductivity. Moreover, the electrodes are fabricated into an interdigital planar geometry with dimensions that range down to a sub-micron scale. As such, micro-supercapacitors employing ICCN electrodes are fabricated on flexible substrates for realizing flexible electronics and on-chip applications that can be integrated with micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology and complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology in a single chip. In addition, capacitors fabricated of ICCN electrodes that sandwich an ion porous separator realize relatively thin and flexible supercapacitors that provide compact and lightweight yet high density energy storage for scalable applications.

An energy storage device includes: a positive electrode plate containing a positive composite layer including a positive active material capable of occluding and releasing a lithium ion; and a negative electrode plate containing a negative composite layer including a negative active material capable of occluding and releasing a lithium ion. A peak pore diameter Rp of the positive composite layer in a pore distribution measured by a mercury penetration method is 0.5 μm or less, and a peak pore diameter Rn of the negative composite layer in a pore distribution measured by a mercury penetration method is 0.5 μm or less. A ratio Rp/Rn of the peak pore diameter of the positive composite layer to the peak pore diameter of the negative composite layer is 0.60 or more and 1.70 or less.

An energy storage device includes: a positive electrode plate containing a positive composite layer including a positive active material capable of occluding and releasing a lithium ion; and a negative electrode plate containing a negative composite layer including a negative active material capable of occluding and releasing a lithium ion. A peak pore diameter Rp of the positive composite layer in a pore distribution measured by a mercury penetration method is 0.5 μm or less, and a peak pore diameter Rn of the negative composite layer in a pore distribution measured by a mercury penetration method is 0.5 μm or less. A ratio Rp/Rn of the peak pore diameter of the positive composite layer to the peak pore diameter of the negative composite layer is 0.60 or more and 1.70 or less.

The present invention relates to an electrode having a perfluoropolyether group-containing compound in a surface thereof.

The present invention relates to an electrode having a perfluoropolyether group-containing compound in a surface thereof.

Technologies are generally described for an electron conductive polymer capacitor may incorporate a conductive polymer mixture embedded with carbon nanoparticles between electrodes to rapidly charge and store large amounts of charge compared to conventional electrolytic capacitors. Such a capacitor may be constructed with a laminate sheet including layers of inner and outer electrodes, an electrolyte mixture between the electrodes, a conductive polymer mixture, and a composite mixture of carbon nanoparticles embedded in the conductive polymer between the inner electrodes. The laminate sheet may be wound into a roll and the inner and outer electrodes are coupled electrically. When an electric field is applied, cations within the electrolyte mixture move towards the outer electrodes and anions towards the inner electrodes. Further, the inner conductive polymer layer is ionized causing electrons to move toward the inner electrodes to be deposited onto high surface area carbon nanoparticles where charge is stored.

An energy storage device comprises a first porous semiconducting structure (510) comprising a first plurality of channels (511) that contain a first electrolyte (514) and a second porous semiconducting structure (520) comprising a second plurality of channels (521) that contain a second electrolyte (524). In one embodiment, the energy storage device further comprises a film (535) on at least one of the first and second porous semiconducting structures, the film comprising a material capable of exhibiting reversible electron transfer reactions. In another embodiment, at least one of the first and second electrolytes contains a plurality of metal ions. In another embodiment, the first and second electrolytes, taken together, comprise a redox system.