Compositions and methods comprising metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and related uses are generally provided. In some embodiments, a MOF comprises a plurality of metal ions, each coordinated with at least one ligand comprising at least two sets of ortho-diimine groups arranged about an organic core.

A composite particle for an electrochemical device contains an electrode active material, a conductive material, a binder, and 0.1 parts by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less of a thermally decomposable foaming agent per 100 parts by mass of the composite particle. When a cross section of the composite particle perpendicular to the long axis of the composite particle, and including the midpoint of the long axis is subjected to a map analysis using an electron beam microanalyzer, the value of the ratio of the integrated values of the detection intensities of carbon atoms contained outside and inside the range of the circle the center of which is coincides with the midpoint of the long axis and the diameter of which is one half of the length of the long axis is 4 or more and 15 or less.

A power storage material is made by using a fiber material of cellulose molecules obtained from wood, plant fibers (pulp), and the like, and capable of storing electric power of direct current and alternating current, and an ultra power storage body has the power storage material. A power storage material includes a fiber mainly including a fiber derived from at least any one of wood, plant fibers (pulp), animals, algae, microorganisms, and microbial products, and having a large number of recesses and protrusions on a surface. The fiber is preferably crystallized/amorphous fibers, is preferably an amorphous fiber having an atomic vacancy, and preferably has a specific surface area of 10 m.sup.2/g or more. Preferably, the large number of recesses and protrusions have a diameter of 1 nm to 500 nm. Preferably, the electric resistance is 100 MΩ or more, and the electric capacity is 5 mF/cm.sup.2 or more

The positive active material for an energy storage device according to one aspect of the present invention has an olivine-type crystal structure, has a surface at least partially coated with carbon, and satisfies either (A) or (B) below. (A) a pore volume in a range of a pore size of 60 nm or more and 200 nm or less determined by a BJH method from a desorption isotherm using a nitrogen gas adsorption method is 0.05 cm.sup.3/g or more and 0.25 cm.sup.3/g or less, and a pore specific surface area in a range of a pore size of 10 nm or more and 200 nm or less using a nitrogen gas adsorption method is 5 m.sup.2/g or more; (B) a full width at half maximum ratio (200)/(131) of a peak corresponding to a (200) plane to a peak corresponding to a (131) plane by a powder X-ray diffraction method using a CuKα ray in a charged state is 1.10 or less.

The present disclosure relates to an integrated dual-sided all-in-one energy system including a plurality of vertically stacked dual-sided all-in-one energy apparatuses, each including an energy-harvesting device and an energy-storage device disposed on both sides of a substrate, and according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an integrated dual-sided all-in-one energy system may include a plurality of dual-sided all-in-one energy apparatuses, each including an energy-harvesting device that is formed as an electrode pattern on one side of a substrate and generates electrical energy by harvesting energy based on a temperature difference between a first side and a second side and an energy-storage device that is formed on the other side of the substrate and is selectively connected to the energy-harvesting device based on the electrode pattern to store the generated electrical energy.

There is disclosed a method and a system for a versatile in-situ approach to design the nanostructured transition metal selenide (TMS) materials for the high-energy solid-state hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs). Initially, the rose-nanopetals like NiSe@Cu2Se (NiCuSe) cathode and FeSe nanoparticles anode are directly anchored on 3D highly conducting Cu foam via purposefully in-situ conversion reactions. The different potential windows of the NiCuSe and FeSe in aqueous electrolytes associated with the excellent electrical conductivity and redox activity results in the superior electrochemical features for the half cell with maximum specific capacity of 534.2 mA h g.sup.−1 for NiCuSe and 573.8 mA h g.sup.−1 for FeSe at current density of 1 A g.sup.−1, respectively. The solid-state HSC cell with NiCuSe cathode and FeSe anode delivers a highest specific energy of 87.6 Wh kg.sup.−1 and excellent cycle lifetime with capacity retention of 91.3% over 10,000 cycles.

There is disclosed a method and a system for a versatile in-situ approach to design the nanostructured transition metal selenide (TMS) materials for the high-energy solid-state hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs). Initially, the rose-nanopetals like NiSe@Cu2Se (NiCuSe) cathode and FeSe nanoparticles anode are directly anchored on 3D highly conducting Cu foam via purposefully in-situ conversion reactions. The different potential windows of the NiCuSe and FeSe in aqueous electrolytes associated with the excellent electrical conductivity and redox activity results in the superior electrochemical features for the half cell with maximum specific capacity of 534.2 mA h g.sup.−1 for NiCuSe and 573.8 mA h g.sup.−1 for FeSe at current density of 1 A g.sup.−1, respectively. The solid-state HSC cell with NiCuSe cathode and FeSe anode delivers a highest specific energy of 87.6 Wh kg.sup.−1 and excellent cycle lifetime with capacity retention of 91.3% over 10,000 cycles.

A conductive composite structure having a metal substrate and a conductive film on a surface of the metal substrate, the conductive film including a layered material of one or plural layers; the one or plural layers being a layer body represented by M.sub.mX.sub.n, where M is at least one metal of Group 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7; X is a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof; n is not less than 1 and not more than 4; and m is more than n but not more than 5, and a modifier or terminal T exists on a surface of the layer body; and a residue derived from an organic compound having a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, or a combination thereof and having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, is bonded to each of the surface of the metal substrate and a surface of the layer body.

A conductive composite structure having a metal substrate and a conductive film on a surface of the metal substrate, the conductive film including a layered material of one or plural layers; the one or plural layers being a layer body represented by M.sub.mX.sub.n, where M is at least one metal of Group 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7; X is a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof; n is not less than 1 and not more than 4; and m is more than n but not more than 5, and a modifier or terminal T exists on a surface of the layer body; and a residue derived from an organic compound having a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, or a combination thereof and having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, is bonded to each of the surface of the metal substrate and a surface of the layer body.

A novel electrode and associated method of manufacturing said novel electrode comprising a porous structure having absorbed polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), a self-assembled polypyrole (PPy) layer adjacent to the PSS absorbed porous structure, a self-assembled polyaniline (PANI) layer adjacent to the PPy layer, an electrochemically deposited PANI layer adjacent to the PPy layer and an electrochemically deposited PANI-molybdenum disulfide (PANI-MoS.sub.2) layer adjacent to the electrochemically deposited PANI layer. A supercapacitor and associated method of manufacturing a supercapacitor comprising a first novel electrode and a second novel electrode separated by a polyvinyl gel and a porous separator.