A magnetically actuated MEMS switch 100 includes a first magnetic core portion 120, a first signal line 15, a first contact point 16, a second magnetic core portion 220, a second signal line 25, a second contact point 26, and a first coil portion 111 and a second coil portion 211 serving as a magnetic field applying portion that causes a current to flow in conductor coil to apply a magnetic field to the first magnetic core portion 120 and the second magnetic core portion 220. The first contact point 16 is displaced depending on the presence or absence of a magnetic field applied by the magnetic field applying portion. Connection and disconnection between the first contact point 16 and the second contact point 26 are switched in response to displacement of the first contact point 16.

An electromagnetic relay includes a box-shaped insulating housing in which a closed space is formed, a pair of fixed terminals fixed to the housing electrically independently of each other and each having a fixed contact placement surface in the closed space, a plate-shaped conductive movable contactor that is provided in the closed space, has a first surface facing the fixed contact placement surfaces of the pair of fixed terminals, and is movably disposed such that the first surface approaches and separates from the fixed contact placement surfaces of the pair of fixed terminals, a pair of fixed contacts respectively provided on the fixed contact placement surfaces of the pair of fixed terminals, and a pair of movable contacts that is respectively provided on the first surface of the movable contactor and respectively face the pair of fixed contacts.

An electromagnetic relay includes a base frame including a main body supporting a fixed element, and a bottom plate having a plate thickness direction in an extending direction orthogonal to a central-axis line direction. An intermediate cover includes a covering plate facing a contact mechanism unit. An outer cover includes a top plate facing the bottom plate across the contact mechanism unit, and a first side plate extending from one end of the top plate and facing the covering plate. A first gap between the covering plate and the bottom plate in the extending direction and a second gap between the covering plate and the top plate in the extending direction are arranged to be substantially symmetric across the covering plate in the extending direction, the first gap and the second gap being on the first side plate.

An electromagnetic relay includes a base frame including a main body supporting a fixed element, and a bottom plate having a plate thickness direction in an extending direction orthogonal to a central-axis line direction. An intermediate cover includes a covering plate facing a contact mechanism unit. An outer cover includes a top plate facing the bottom plate across the contact mechanism unit, and a first side plate extending from one end of the top plate and facing the covering plate. A first gap between the covering plate and the bottom plate in the extending direction and a second gap between the covering plate and the top plate in the extending direction are arranged to be substantially symmetric across the covering plate in the extending direction, the first gap and the second gap being on the first side plate.

A relay has a case, a first fixed terminal including a first fixed contact, a second fixed terminal including a second fixed contact, a movable touch piece including a first movable contact that is disposed facing the first fixed contact and a second movable contact that is disposed facing the second fixed contact, the movable touch piece being disposed in the case and disposed so as to be movable in a contact direction in which the first movable contact and the second movable contact come into contact with the first fixed contact and the second fixed contact and a separation direction in which the first movable contact and the second movable contact separate from the first fixed contact and the second fixed contact. The first fixed terminal includes a first contact support configured to support the first fixed contact.

A relay has a case, a first fixed terminal including a first fixed contact, a second fixed terminal including a second fixed contact, a movable touch piece including a first movable contact that is disposed facing the first fixed contact and a second movable contact that is disposed facing the second fixed contact, the movable touch piece being disposed in the case and disposed so as to be movable in a contact direction in which the first movable contact and the second movable contact come into contact with the first fixed contact and the second fixed contact and a separation direction in which the first movable contact and the second movable contact separate from the first fixed contact and the second fixed contact. The first fixed terminal includes a first contact support configured to support the first fixed contact.

Disclosed is a switching device comprising a vacuum tube and an adjustable drive for opening and closing the contacts of the switching device. The switching device also comprises a sensor for detecting physical properties of the operating site of the switching device. The detected physical property adapts the adjustable drive for opening and closing the contacts to the operating site.

Disclosed is a switching device comprising a vacuum tube and an adjustable drive for opening and closing the contacts of the switching device. The switching device also comprises a sensor for detecting physical properties of the operating site of the switching device. The detected physical property adapts the adjustable drive for opening and closing the contacts to the operating site.

A method for producing energetic electron beams using a laser-plasma accelerator including a laser and a device for producing a gas cloud in a vacuum chamber, the method including a step of generating a laser pulse which is focused into the gas cloud to create a plasma. The step of generating a laser pulse includes at least the generation of a laser pulse-train with a delay between two successive laser pulses of between three times and thirty times the plasma period TP, such that: TP=?p/c, ?p being the plasma wavelength defined by: ?p=(2?/C)*(n e2/(m ?0))??, where c is the speed of light, n is the electron density of the plasma in cm3, e=1.6e?19 C is the charge of an electron, m=9.1e?31 kg is the mass of an electron, and ?0=8.85?10?12 m?3 kg?1 s4 A2 is the permittivity of vacuum.

A method for producing energetic electron beams using a laser-plasma accelerator including a laser and a device for producing a gas cloud in a vacuum chamber, the method including a step of generating a laser pulse which is focused into the gas cloud to create a plasma. The step of generating a laser pulse includes at least the generation of a laser pulse-train with a delay between two successive laser pulses of between three times and thirty times the plasma period TP, such that: TP=?p/c, ?p being the plasma wavelength defined by: ?p=(2?/C)*(n e2/(m ?0))??, where c is the speed of light, n is the electron density of the plasma in cm3, e=1.6e?19 C is the charge of an electron, m=9.1e?31 kg is the mass of an electron, and ?0=8.85?10?12 m?3 kg?1 s4 A2 is the permittivity of vacuum.