Some embodiments include a fuse having a tungsten-containing structure directly contacting an electrically conductive structure. The electrically conductive structure may be a titanium-containing structure. An interface between the tungsten-containing structure and the electrically conductive structure is configured to rupture when current through the interface exceeds a predetermined level. Some embodiments include a method of forming and using a fuse. The fuse is formed to have a tungsten-containing structure directly contacting an electrically conductive structure. An interface between the tungsten-containing structure and the electrically conductive structure is configured to rupture when current through the interface exceeds a predetermined level. Current exceeding the predetermined level is passed through the interface to rupture the interface.

Some embodiments include a fuse having a tungsten-containing structure directly contacting an electrically conductive structure. The electrically conductive structure may be a titanium-containing structure. An interface between the tungsten-containing structure and the electrically conductive structure is configured to rupture when current through the interface exceeds a predetermined level. Some embodiments include a method of forming and using a fuse. The fuse is formed to have a tungsten-containing structure directly contacting an electrically conductive structure. An interface between the tungsten-containing structure and the electrically conductive structure is configured to rupture when current through the interface exceeds a predetermined level. Current exceeding the predetermined level is passed through the interface to rupture the interface.

Embodiments described herein relate generally to a current interrupt device (CID) including a frangible bulb that is configured to be thermally triggered. In some embodiments, the CID includes a breaking contact electrically coupled to a fixed contact and held in electrical contact by the frangible bulb. In some embodiments, the frangible bulb is configured to break at a temperature threshold. In some embodiments, the breaking contact is configured to bend, rotate and/or otherwise deform about a hinge point in order to become electrically disconnected from the fixed contact when the frangible bulb breaks. In some embodiments, opening the electrical circuit between the breaking contact and the fixed contact may prevent overcharging, overvoltage conditions, overcurrent conditions, thermal runaway, and/or other catastrophic failure events.

Embodiments described herein relate generally to a current interrupt device (CID) including a frangible bulb that is configured to be thermally triggered. In some embodiments, the CID includes a breaking contact electrically coupled to a fixed contact and held in electrical contact by the frangible bulb. In some embodiments, the frangible bulb is configured to break at a temperature threshold. In some embodiments, the breaking contact is configured to bend, rotate and/or otherwise deform about a hinge point in order to become electrically disconnected from the fixed contact when the frangible bulb breaks. In some embodiments, opening the electrical circuit between the breaking contact and the fixed contact may prevent overcharging, overvoltage conditions, overcurrent conditions, thermal runaway, and/or other catastrophic failure events.

The object is to provide an actuator that consumes less power. An actuator comprises: a stator that rotatably supports a plurality of stator rollers; a mover that rotatably supports a mover roller disposed between the stator rollers; and a wire made of a shape memory alloy that is disposed between the stator rollers and the mover roller and has both ends connected to respective two stator terminals provided in the stator.

The object is to provide an actuator that consumes less power. An actuator comprises: a stator that rotatably supports a plurality of stator rollers; a mover that rotatably supports a mover roller disposed between the stator rollers; and a wire made of a shape memory alloy that is disposed between the stator rollers and the mover roller and has both ends connected to respective two stator terminals provided in the stator.

A plug connection has a plug socket and a plug which can be releasably inserted therein, as well as a plurality of electrically conductive contact areas and spring contacts. The spring contacts are divided into a first group and a second group. In a first state, the spring contacts of the first group are in contact with their associated contact areas and the spring contacts of the second groups rest on at least one stop and are not in contact with their associated contact areas. A trigger causes the spring contacts of the second group to overcome the at least one stop when a defined temperature is exceeded so as to come into contact with their associated contact areas in a second state.

A plug connection has a plug socket and a plug which can be releasably inserted therein, as well as a plurality of electrically conductive contact areas and spring contacts. The spring contacts are divided into a first group and a second group. In a first state, the spring contacts of the first group are in contact with their associated contact areas and the spring contacts of the second groups rest on at least one stop and are not in contact with their associated contact areas. A trigger causes the spring contacts of the second group to overcome the at least one stop when a defined temperature is exceeded so as to come into contact with their associated contact areas in a second state.

A metal housing or casing for a thermal fuse (i.e., a thermal cut-off device) that has a multilayer metal construction including a copper-based layer, a first nickel layer disposed on a first side of the copper-based layer and including an outer surface of the casing, a second nickel layer disposed on a second side of the copper-based layer opposite to the first side of the copper-based layer, and a single silver layer disposed only on the second nickel layer and comprising the inner surface of the casing.

A metal housing or casing for a thermal fuse (i.e., a thermal cut-off device) that has a multilayer metal construction including a copper-based layer, a first nickel layer disposed on a first side of the copper-based layer and including an outer surface of the casing, a second nickel layer disposed on a second side of the copper-based layer opposite to the first side of the copper-based layer, and a single silver layer disposed only on the second nickel layer and comprising the inner surface of the casing.