A thermal fuse having a bow, which has a first end with a first soldering surface for soldering to a first contact surface of a printed circuit board and a second end with a second soldering surface for soldering to a second contact surface of the printed circuit board, a tensioning element, which is secured to the bow between the first and the second end and which is designed to press with a preload against the bow and the printed circuit board once the two soldering surfaces and the contact surfaces of a printed circuit board have been soldered, wherein a portion of the bow, between the two ends thereof, has a measuring resistor connected in series to the two soldering surfaces. A printed circuit board having such a thermal fuse is additionally described.

The arrangement for disconnecting at least one of a plurality of battery modules in an automotive battery comprises a device arranged to detect that at least one battery module is to be disconnected, and a bypass switch arranged at each battery module, wherein the bypass switch arranged at the detected at least one battery module is controllable to bypass the at least one detected battery module via a bypass path. The arrangement further comprises a disconnect switch arranged at each battery module, wherein the disconnect switch arranged at the at least one bypassed battery module is controllable to disconnect the at least one detected battery module from remaining battery modules, either simultaneously as, or after, the bypassing of the detected battery module.

In aspects of the disclosure, a fuel cartridge wherein the fuel is in a powdered form is admixed with inert materials such as alumina or other ceramics to improve thermal conductivity. Said cartridge having fuel zones, heating zones, and controllers to selectively heat fuel zones and thereby generate hydrogen via decomposition of fuel is disclosed.

The present disclosure provides a high-temperature thermal pellet composition that maintains structural rigidity up to a transition temperature of about 240° C. The composition comprises at least one organic compound (e.g., triptycene or 1-aminoanthroquinone). The pellet can be disposed in a housing of a thermally-actuated, current cutoff device, such as a high-temperature thermal cutoff device (HTTCO). Also provided are material systems, which include the pellet composition and a high-temperature seal that provides substantial sealing up to at least the transition temperature. Methods of making such high-temperature pellet compositions and incorporating them into a thermally-actuated, current cutoff device are also provided.

Provided is a pellet composition having enhanced thermal stability for use in a thermally-actuated, current cutoff device. The solid thermal pellet composition comprises an organic compound have low ionization potential, such as dibenzosuberenone. The solid pellet maintains its structural rigidity up to a transition temperature (T.sub.f), but further has improved overshoot temperature ranges. Therefore, the improved thermal pellets have a maximum dielectric capability temperature (T.sub.cap), above which the pellet composition may lose substantial dielectric properties and conducts current that is at least 160° C. greater than the T.sub.f. The aging performance is further enhanced. Further, methods of enhanced processing and pelletizing are provided.

Provided is a pellet composition having enhanced thermal stability for use in a thermally-actuated, current cutoff device. The solid thermal pellet composition comprises an organic compound have low ionization potential, such as dibenzosuberenone. The solid pellet maintains its structural rigidity up to a transition temperature (T.sub.f), but further has improved overshoot temperature ranges. Therefore, the improved thermal pellets have a maximum dielectric capability temperature (T.sub.cap), above which the pellet composition may lose substantial dielectric properties and conducts current that is at least 160° C. greater than the T.sub.f. The aging performance is further enhanced. Further, methods of enhanced processing and pelletizing are provided.

In a protective circuit substrate having a circuit substrate and a protective element, the protective element including: an insulating substrate; a heat-generating element; first and second electrodes laminated on the insulating substrate; a first and second connecting terminals provided on one side edge of a mounting surface to be mounted to the circuit substrate, the first connecting terminals being continuous with the first and second electrodes; a heat-generating element extracting electrode provided in a current path between the first and second electrodes and electrically connected to the heat-generating element; and a meltable conductor provided between the first and second electrodes, wherein the circuit substrate includes a region for mounting the protective element in which no electrode pattern other than a connecting electrode to the protective element is provided.

A pyrotechnic disconnect comprises: a housing with at least a combustion chamber therein; a pyrotechnic charge in the combustion chamber; a busbar covering an opening of the combustion chamber, the busbar configured to be severed by activation of the pyrotechnic charge; and an exhaust port from the housing, the exhaust port configured to allow gas from the activation of the pyrotechnic charge to help suppress an electric arc formed by the severing of the busbar.

A control device suitable for use in a vehicle includes a circuit board and a thermal fuse holder including a removable spacer element and a plurality of breaker elements. The thermal fuse holder is attached at a terminal structure and, when the terminal structure is attached to the circuit board, the breaker elements engage the removable spacer element to hold the breaker elements at the circuit board. After terminals of the terminal structure and the breaker elements are soldered at the circuit board, the removable spacer element is removed from the thermal fuse holder, whereby the breaker elements are held at the circuit board via solder joints and are biased away from the circuit board. When the temperature at a respective solder joint exceeds a threshold temperature that melts the solder, the respective breaker element moves away from the circuit board to break the electrical connection at the solder joint.

An electric closer, in particular for a motor vehicle line, in particular a motor vehicle power line, comprising a first electrical terminal and a second electrical terminal, a first contact element which is electrically connected to the first terminal, a second contact element which is electrically connected to the second terminal, a connecting element with which an electrical connection can be established between the two contact elements, and a drive which effects a relative movement between the contact elements and connecting element, characterised in that the connecting element or the contact elements are formed at least in parts from an electrically conductive, porous metal.