The invention relates to a type-II overvoltage protection device having a varistor and a protective element, wherein the protective element has a first contact for connecting to a first potential of a supply network and a second contact that is connected to a first contact of the varistor, wherein the varistor further comprises a second contact for connecting to a second potential of a supply network, wherein the protective element has a fuse element that connects the first contact and the second contact of the protective element, wherein the protective element further comprises a third contact that is connected to the second contact of the varistor and is arranged so as to be near to but electrically insulated from the fuse element, wherein the fuse element has a constriction in the proximity of the neighboring contact, with the constriction being embodied such that the fuse element has an electrically conductive fluxing agent in the proximity of the constriction, with the fluxing agent having a lower fusion point than the fuse element itself, so that pulses corresponding to a load below the type-II rating do not result in a lasting change in the constriction, wherein the constriction, in conjunction with the fluxing agent, is dimensioned such that pulses corresponding to the limit range of the type-II rating result in the fusing of the fluxing agent into the fuse element, and wherein pulses corresponding to a load that is stronger and/or of greater duration than the type-II rating of the varistor result in the immediate disconnection of the fuse element.

The invention relates to a type-II overvoltage protection device having a varistor and a protective element, wherein the protective element has a first contact for connecting to a first potential of a supply network and a second contact that is connected to a first contact of the varistor, wherein the varistor further comprises a second contact for connecting to a second potential of a supply network, wherein the protective element has a fuse element that connects the first contact and the second contact of the protective element, wherein the protective element further comprises a third contact that is connected to the second contact of the varistor and is arranged so as to be near to but electrically insulated from the fuse element, wherein the fuse element has a constriction in the proximity of the neighboring contact, with the constriction being embodied such that the fuse element has an electrically conductive fluxing agent in the proximity of the constriction, with the fluxing agent having a lower fusion point than the fuse element itself, so that pulses corresponding to a load below the type-II rating do not result in a lasting change in the constriction, wherein the constriction, in conjunction with the fluxing agent, is dimensioned such that pulses corresponding to the limit range of the type-II rating result in the fusing of the fluxing agent into the fuse element, and wherein pulses corresponding to a load that is stronger and/or of greater duration than the type-II rating of the varistor result in the immediate disconnection of the fuse element.

A power distribution apparatus of a vehicle includes a power input terminal configured to receive power. A power output terminal is connected to a load and a main fuse is connected to the power input terminal and to the load through the power output terminal. A number of sub fuses are connected to the power input terminal and a switching circuit is provided between the plurality of sub fuses and the power output terminal. A controller is configured to supply power to the load through the main fuse in response to an operation signal of the load and control the switching circuit so that at least one of the plurality of sub fuses is selectively connected to the load.

A power distribution apparatus of a vehicle includes a power input terminal configured to receive power. A power output terminal is connected to a load and a main fuse is connected to the power input terminal and to the load through the power output terminal. A number of sub fuses are connected to the power input terminal and a switching circuit is provided between the plurality of sub fuses and the power output terminal. A controller is configured to supply power to the load through the main fuse in response to an operation signal of the load and control the switching circuit so that at least one of the plurality of sub fuses is selectively connected to the load.

Various implementations described herein are directed to a method for detecting, by a device, an increase in temperature at certain parts of an electrical system, and taking appropriate responsive action. The method may include measuring temperatures at certain locations within the system and estimating temperatures at other locations based on the measurements. Some embodiments disclosed herein include an integrated cable combining electrical conduction and heat-detection capabilities, or an integrated cable or connector combining electrical conduction with a thermal fuse.

Various implementations described herein are directed to a method for detecting, by a device, an increase in temperature at certain parts of an electrical system, and taking appropriate responsive action. The method may include measuring temperatures at certain locations within the system and estimating temperatures at other locations based on the measurements. Some embodiments disclosed herein include an integrated cable combining electrical conduction and heat-detection capabilities, or an integrated cable or connector combining electrical conduction with a thermal fuse.

A charging inlet includes an accommodation box and an inlet body to which the accommodation box is attached from a rear side. The accommodation box includes multiple terminals, an accommodation box body separately accommodating the terminals, multiple fuses, a fuse box integrated with the accommodation box body and separately accommodating the fuses, and multiple bus bars respectively electrically connecting the terminals to the fuses. The accommodation box body has a circular columnar shape and extends in a front-rear direction. The accommodation box includes multiple body receptacles that are open in a front end surface of the accommodation box to separately accommodate the terminals. The terminals accommodated in the body receptacles project from a front end surface of the accommodation box body. The bus bars are embedded into the accommodation box.

A charging inlet includes an accommodation box and an inlet body to which the accommodation box is attached from a rear side. The accommodation box includes multiple terminals, an accommodation box body separately accommodating the terminals, multiple fuses, a fuse box integrated with the accommodation box body and separately accommodating the fuses, and multiple bus bars respectively electrically connecting the terminals to the fuses. The accommodation box body has a circular columnar shape and extends in a front-rear direction. The accommodation box includes multiple body receptacles that are open in a front end surface of the accommodation box to separately accommodate the terminals. The terminals accommodated in the body receptacles project from a front end surface of the accommodation box body. The bus bars are embedded into the accommodation box.

An actuator includes a plurality of artificial muscle fibers and at least one conducting material. The at least one conducting material electrically stimulates the plurality of artificial muscle fibers during activation of the actuator. An actuator device includes at least one artificial muscle fiber and at least one high-strength creep-resistant fiber.

A bus system comprises a feed module, a load module and a data cable connecting the feed module to the load module. A fuse is provided in an energy path and/or respectively in an energy/data transmission path between a feed module and a load module.