A stand-alone chamber or multi-chamber inhalation system has at least two alternative vaporized test liquid supply systems for passive or self-administered delivery of vaporized test fluid and air to one or more test chambers, which can be passive or restraint chambers, based on operator selection of delivery on and off times in a passive mode or actuation of an actuator in the chamber by a test animal in a self-administered mode. In one case, a multiple inhalation chamber system has two or more separate test fluid delivery systems and provides options for selective passive uniform drug delivery to multiple chambers or selective delivery of two or more different drugs to different groups of chambers from different delivery systems so that two different drugs or different concentrations of delivered drugs can be tested simultaneously.

A gas-washout vent includes a housing with a first wall with one or more passages through the wall configured to provide fluid communication with a portion of the patient interface system exposed to a therapy pressure. The passages include respective first openings on a first surface of the first wall. The housing at least partially defines a second opening in communication with ambient atmosphere. A diffusing material is located at least partially within the housing to be adjacent the first surface. A surface of the diffusing material facing the first surface is spaced away from the first surface by a gap that extends to provide a fluid communication between all of the first openings and between all of the first openings and the second opening. The housing is configured so that air is prevented from flowing out of the housing at all areas directly opposite each of the first openings.

A universal respiratory detector for detecting a respiratory gas. The universal respiratory detector may include a plurality of layers with a visual indicator to quickly and reversibly change color to detect a respiratory gas parameter such as carbon dioxide. The color change may be visible from both sides of the detector. In some examples, the respiratory detector may be a biocompatible and conformable sticker for mounting on a person's face or an oxygen delivery device.

The present application provides a radiation damage protecting agent comprising hydrogen gas as an active ingredient at a concentration of 18.5% by volume or less, for treating or alleviating, in a hyperbaric capsule under a pressure higher than standard atmospheric pressure, radiation damage in a human patient who has been exposed to radiation or who has received or receives radiotherapy, and a hyperbaric capsule for administering a hydrogen gas-containing therapeutic agent such as the radiation damage protecting agent to a patient including a human.

A mask for patient ventilation that includes a frame for surrounding a respiratory opening of a patient and forming a cavity between an inner surface of the mask and the patient. The frame forms an access aperture that can enable access to the cavity and any of a nose and a mouth region of the patient without requiring removal of the mask or frame from the patient. A removable insert can be attached and detached from the frame without requiring removal of the mask or frame from the patient. When attached to the frame, the removable insert can obstruct the access aperture and form a portion of the cavity.

A gas-washout vent includes a housing with a first wall with one or more passages through the wall configured to provide fluid communication with a portion of the patient interface system exposed to a therapy pressure. The passages include respective first openings on a first surface of the first wall. The housing at least partially defines a second opening in communication with ambient atmosphere. A diffusing material is located at least partially within the housing to be adjacent the first surface. A surface of the diffusing material facing the first surface is spaced away from the first surface by a gap that extends to provide a fluid communication between all of the first openings and between all of the first openings and the second opening. The housing is configured so that air is prevented from flowing out of the housing at all areas directly opposite each of the first openings.

Provided according to embodiments of the present invention are methods of monitoring individuals that include securing a photoplethysmograph probe to at least one of a pre-auricular region and a post-auricular region of the individual and obtaining photoplethysmography signals from the photoplethysmography probe. Photoplethysmography probes and helmets related to such methods are also described herein.

The invention relates to a medical device (1) for the closed-circuit administration of a gaseous mixture to be delivered to a spontaneously breathing patient, comprising a gas recycling system (4) disposed on a closed administration circuit (2). The recycling system (4) can comprise in particular an input for an exhaled gaseous mixture and an output for the gaseous mixture to be supplied to the patient, the orientation of which defines a direction of circulation (8) from the input to the output, as well as a zone (Z.sub.1) for treating the exhaled gaseous mixture (5) capable of retaining carbon dioxide, as well as at least one zone (Z.sub.3) for adjusting the composition of the gaseous mixture, in which zone the concentration of each gas forming the gaseous mixture is adjusted to a setpoint value.

A mask suitable for protecting the face of a patient during surgery comprises a transparent plastic shield which includes a transverse cutout that provides access to the nose and mouth, and a vertical gap which runs from the cutout to the shield's perimeter. Padding affixed to the perimeter of the shield's underside provides a cushion between the shield and face. The padding is preferably arranged such that the mask can be installed or removed without dislodging tubing inserted into the patient's nose or mouth via the transverse cutout. An attachment mechanism secures the shield to the face. A warming hood may be coupled to the protective mask. The hood preferably comprises outer and inner layers, with an access point at which air can be introduced between the layers; perforations on the inner layer permit warm air to be dispersed onto the patient.

There is provided a respirator for supplying clean air for a wearer. The respirator comprises a face assembly comprising an oronasal mask configured to seal against and cover a nose region and a mouth region of the wearer. The face assembly may be configured to be interchangeable on the respirator between a half-face assembly and a full-face assembly. The respirator comprises a securing headgear releasably securable with the face assembly, the securing headgear assembly configured to secure the respirator on a head of the wearer. The respirator comprises a facepiece assembly for supplying the wearer with air for inhaling and releasing air exhaled by the wear, the facepiece assembly releasably securable with the face assembly. One or more of the face assembly, the facepiece assembly, or the securing headgear are configured to be released from the respirator, sterilized, and releasably resecured with the respirator.