The present disclosure relates to a module of a trap for charged particles (e.g., ions), to manufacturing such module, to a trap including the module and a manufacturing of such modular trap. The module includes a monolithic body made of a non-conductive substrate and an electrode arranged on a portion of a surface of the monolithic body. A part of the monolithic body forms a spring element. An electrically conductive area is arranged on and covers a portion of a surface of the spring element and is conductively connected with the electrode. The spring element is adapted to compress upon pressure applied on the electrically conductive area.

An electrostatic ion trap or an array of electrostatic ion traps are provided having a longitudinal length of no more than 10 mm and/or at least one electrode with a capacitance to ground of no more than 1 pF. First and second sets of planar electrodes may be distributed along the longitudinal axis, at least some of the which are configured to receive an electrostatic potential for confinement of ions received in the space between the first and second sets of planar electrodes. An array may comprise an inlet for receiving an ion beam such that a portion of the ion beam can be trapped in each of the ion traps. Signals indicative of ion mass and charge data may be obtained from multiple electrostatic ion traps in the array. This mass and charge data may be combined for identification of components of a mixture of different analyte ions.

The use of multiple ion chains in a single ion trap for quantum information processing (QIP) systems is described. Each chain can have its own set of laser beams with which to implement and operate quantum gates within that chain, where each chain may therefore correspond to a single quantum computing register or core. Operations can be performed in parallel across all of these chains as they can be treated independently from each other. To implement and operate quantum gates between different chains, neighboring chains are merged into a single, larger chain, in which one can perform quantum gates between any of the ions in the larger chain. The combined chains can then be separated again by another shuttling event as needed. To implement and operate quantum gates between ions which do not occupy neighboring chains, swap gates can be used via a sequence of intervening chains.

An ion trap apparatus includes a three-dimensional, monolithic segmented blade trap with high optical access along four orthogonal directions. The blade trap includes a plurality of blades. Each blade includes a glass material and a metal coating. Each blade is divided into a plurality of segments.

The present disclosure relates to methods of detecting metabolites using a microfluidic capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) system. The metabolites can be useful to diagnosis diseases or disorders, as well as to monitor therapeutic efficacy of compounds used to treat these diseases or disorders.