A low pressure mercury gas discharge ultraviolet lamp with a tubular elongate body with two opposing ends, a first end and a second end, which contains a gas filling, and with at least two electric connectors at each end, which are electrically connected to at least one filament being provided at each end. A discharge length is defined between the filaments, in which at least two filaments are provided at each end of the discharge length. The filaments can be individually supplied with electric energy. The at least two filaments at the first end are of different size and different mass, and the at least two filaments at the second end are of different size and different mass.

A low pressure mercury gas discharge ultraviolet lamp with a tubular elongate body with two opposing ends, a first end and a second end, which contains a gas filling, and with at least two electric connectors at each end, which are electrically connected to at least one filament being provided at each end. A discharge length is defined between the filaments, in which at least two filaments are provided at each end of the discharge length. The filaments can be individually supplied with electric energy. The at least two filaments at the first end are of different size and different mass, and the at least two filaments at the second end are of different size and different mass.

Provided herein is an ultraviolet sterilization and disinfection apparatus. One or multiple low-pressure ultraviolet lamps are arranged within the ultraviolet sterilization and disinfection apparatus. A configuration method therefor is such that the inner diameters of the low-pressure ultraviolet lamps are 30-36 mm and the tube current density is: 0.250-0.800 A/cm2; alternatively the inner diameters are 26-30 mm and the tube current density is: 0.280-0.850 A/cm2; alternatively, the inner diameters are 20-26 mm and the tube current density is: 0.300-1.100 A/cm2; alternatively, the inner diameters are 15-20 mm and the tube current density is: 0.340-1.350 A/cm2. The method allows the ultraviolet dosage of the ultraviolet sterilization and disinfection apparatus to be increased, thus increasing efficiency in sterilization and disinfection.

Provided herein is an ultraviolet sterilization and disinfection apparatus. One or multiple low-pressure ultraviolet lamps are arranged within the ultraviolet sterilization and disinfection apparatus. A configuration method therefor is such that the inner diameters of the low-pressure ultraviolet lamps are 30-36 mm and the tube current density is: 0.250-0.800 A/cm2; alternatively the inner diameters are 26-30 mm and the tube current density is: 0.280-0.850 A/cm2; alternatively, the inner diameters are 20-26 mm and the tube current density is: 0.300-1.100 A/cm2; alternatively, the inner diameters are 15-20 mm and the tube current density is: 0.340-1.350 A/cm2. The method allows the ultraviolet dosage of the ultraviolet sterilization and disinfection apparatus to be increased, thus increasing efficiency in sterilization and disinfection.

A low-pressure discharge lamp (1) is provided in various exemplary embodiments. The low-pressure discharge lamp has a discharge vessel (2) and a coating structure (7). The coating structure (7) is formed on an inner side (24) of the discharge vessel (2). The coating structure (7) comprises nanoscale phosphate particles (42) and/or nanoscale functional oxide. Alternatively or in addition, the phosphate particles (42) are free or at least approximately free of rare earth metals.

A low-pressure discharge lamp (1) is provided in various exemplary embodiments. The low-pressure discharge lamp has a discharge vessel (2) and a coating structure (7). The coating structure (7) is formed on an inner side (24) of the discharge vessel (2). The coating structure (7) comprises nanoscale phosphate particles (42) and/or nanoscale functional oxide. Alternatively or in addition, the phosphate particles (42) are free or at least approximately free of rare earth metals.

The present invention relates to a device for the regulated temperature control of a gas discharge lamp, and a gas discharge lamp. The device according to the invention includes a transformer core of a transformer, the transformer core being designed for accommodating at least one discharge current-conducting connecting line of the gas discharge lamp as a primary winding. The transformer forms an energy source for heating a functional area of the gas discharge lamp that determines a function of the gas discharge lamp, and that is formed by an amalgam reservoir. The device also includes a secondary winding on the transformer core, and a means for temperature control that is used to regulate the energy that heats the amalgam reservoir. The means for temperature control is electrically connected to the secondary winding.

The present invention relates to a device for the regulated temperature control of a gas discharge lamp, and a gas discharge lamp. The device according to the invention includes a transformer core of a transformer, the transformer core being designed for accommodating at least one discharge current-conducting connecting line of the gas discharge lamp as a primary winding. The transformer forms an energy source for heating a functional area of the gas discharge lamp that determines a function of the gas discharge lamp, and that is formed by an amalgam reservoir. The device also includes a secondary winding on the transformer core, and a means for temperature control that is used to regulate the energy that heats the amalgam reservoir. The means for temperature control is electrically connected to the secondary winding.

The present device provides a safe, effective means of mobile ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. A control board within the main body of the device receives data from sensors that may variously measure orientation and speed of the main body as it moves along various surfaces for disinfection. In response to such data, the control board may brighten, dim, or completely shut off UV light-emitting diodes (UVLEs), both to prevent over- and under-exposure of the materials being disinfected, and to prevent a user from unsafely using the device.

A line-narrowed KrF excimer laser apparatus includes a laser chamber, a line narrow optical system, an actuator, an output coupling mirror, a wavelength detecting unit, and a wavelength controller. The actuator is capable of changing a wavelength of light selected by the line narrow optical system. The wavelength detecting unit includes a low-pressure mercury lamp accommodating mercury, a getter material that adsorbs at least a part of the mercury, and a hot cathode that excites at least a part of the mercury, an etalon provided at a position where reference light emitted from the low-pressure mercury lamp and detected light emitted from the output coupling mirror are incident on the etalon, and a light intensity distribution sensor configured to detect an intensity distribution profile of interference fringes of the reference light and an intensity distribution profile of interference fringes of the detected light.