An X-ray tube includes an electron gun, a target that generates X-rays, and a vacuum housing that accommodates the electron gun and the target. The vacuum housing has a metal portion having an X-ray emission window, and an insulation valve connected to the metal portion. The metal portion has a cylinder portion in which the X-ray emission window is provided and which surrounds a tube axis of the vacuum housing, and a tapered portion which is connected to an end portion of the cylinder portion, surrounds the tube axis, and protrudes such that a connection part between the metal portion and an insulation valve is covered. The tapered portion has a shape increased in diameter such that a separation distance between a distal end portion and the tube axis is longer than a separation distance between a base end portion and the tube axis.

An X-ray tube includes a rod-shaped anode which includes a target receiving electrons and generating X-rays and has a main body portion extending in a direction of a tube axis; a vacuum housing which accommodates a distal end side of the anode having the target disposed therein and in which a proximal end side of the anode is fixed by a housing coupling portion; and a cover electrode which is disposed inside the vacuum housing, is coupled to the anode by a cover coupling portion, and surrounds the housing coupling portion. The anode has a third diameter increasing portion protruding from a front surface of the main body portion in a direction intersecting the tube axis. The cover coupling portion is disposed closer to the proximal end side of the anode than the third diameter increasing portion.

An X-ray tube includes a metal portion in which an X-ray emission window is provided, an insulation valve which is joined to the metal portion and forms a vacuum region in cooperation with the metal portion, and a target and an electron gun which are accommodated in the vacuum region. The insulation valve has a low resistivity glass portion joined to the metal portion, and a high resistivity glass portion for fixing an anode including the target. A volume resistivity of a material forming the low resistivity glass portion is lower than a volume resistivity of a material forming the high resistivity glass portion. According to this configuration, electrification of the insulation valve is curbed, so that deterioration in withstand voltage ability of the insulation valve is curbed, and electric discharge caused by electrification is curbed.

An x-ray apparatus includes a vacuum chamber that includes a window for exit of x-rays. Electrons are generated at a cathode within the vacuum chamber and accelerated toward a target anode associated with the window. An x-ray generating layer is included as a surface of the target anode to receive the electrons emitted by the cathode and to create x-rays. A blocking path blocks over 70% of the free electrons reaching said target anode from continuing on to exit through the window, while allowing x-rays leaving the x-ray generating layer to continue along the selectively blocking path to exit through the window. The x-ray apparatus is capable of operating at low voltage and relatively high power to reduce the necessary shielding and the corresponding weight of the apparatus yet allow more ready absorption of x-rays by items being irradiated.

A component part in a vacuum area of an X-ray tube with an opening through which an electron beam is guided. The component part includes a base body made of a first material, wherein the first material is a metal. Arranged on a surface forming the opening is a second material having an atomic number which is smaller than an atomic number of the first material. A target support is attached to an end of the component part. The target support supports a target which is aligned with a lens diaphragm formed at the end of the component part. The target support has a base body made of a first material which is a metal, and a second material formed on a surface of the base body that is selectively exposed to the electron beam and which extends between the target and the lens diaphragm.

An X-ray generation tube including a magnetic deflection portion configured to deflect an electron beam to reduce lines of magnetic force extending to the outside of the tube, where a subject is arranged, by placement of a magnetic shielding portion including a portion that is closer to an anode than the magnetic deflection portion in a tube axial direction and that is closer to the tube center axis than the magnetic deflection portion in a tube radial direction.

There is provided an anode stack for cooling and electrically insulating a high voltage anode of an X-ray device. The anode stack has at least a conductor member and a dielectric member, and the conductor member has a main body and a peripheral portion. The dielectric member overlies and couples with the main body of the conductor member at one surface. At an opposing surface of the main body of the conductor member, an end of the high voltage anode is coupled thereto in use. The peripheral portion of the conductor member has an annular region that surrounds at least a part of the dielectric member and which is spaced therefrom.

A shield around an x-ray tube, a voltage multiplier, or both can improve the manufacturing process by allowing testing earlier in the process and by providing a holder for liquid potting material. The shield can also improve voltage standoff. A shielded x-ray tube can be electrically coupled to a shielded power supply.

As an x-ray tube expands and contracts during heating and cooling, its hermetic seal can be damaged. A more robust hermetic seal, particularly as the x-ray tube is heated and cooled, is desirable. The x-ray tube described herein can include a proximal-housing 13 and a distal-housing 14, which can be connected to each other by an interface-ring 15 for improved hermetic seal. Added x-ray tube weight, of material used for blocking x-rays, can make it difficult to transport the x-ray tube. Reducing this weight is desirable. A maximum outer diameter Dp of the proximal-housing 13 can be greater than a maximum outer diameter Dd of the distal-housing 14, for improved blocking of x-rays. This diameter difference can allow improved x-ray shielding with less material.