The present disclosure is directed to embodiments of catheter-based prosthetic heart valves. In one embodiment, a prosthetic heart valve includes a collapsible and expandable annular frame, a leaflet assembly mounted within the annular frame, a first skirt mounted on the frame, and a second skirt mounted on the frame. The frame includes a plurality of rows of cells. The leaflet assembly includes a plurality of leaflets. Adjacent leaflets are connected to each other to form commissures, each of which is connected to a cell of an outflow row of cells of the frame. Inflow end portions of the leaflets are sutured to an outflow end portion of the first skirt along undulating suture line.

A catheter is provided comprising localized regions of modified flexibility. The regions of modified flexibility may comprise a softened inner liner, for example softened via stretching the inner liner or disposing a plurality of holes in the inner liner, to modify the bending stiffness and/or tensile stiffness of the catheter. The catheter may further include an axially extending filament that at least partially overlaps the softened portion of the inner liner. The axially extending filament may include an anchoring section to anchor the at least one axially extending filament in a section of the catheter that includes the helical coil.

A clot retrieval catheter can have a tailored, highly flexible body section capable of navigating tortuous routes and an expandable tip for local flow restriction/arrest. The body can be a support tube of struts with a plurality of ribs and one or more axial spines. The support tube can also be a tubular section with a pattern of radial slots to increase flexibility while inhibiting kinking and binding. The ribs and spines can have strut widths which vary along the length of the support tube or can have curves with a non-planar cross section. The ribs can be formed such that they can move when subjected to the loads of a thrombectomy procedure. The structure of the support tube can also be a braided or woven pattern of strands. The support tube can also have a polymer jacket or membrane disposed around at least a portion of the structure.

A rigidizing device includes an elongate flexible tube, a braid layer positioned over the elongate flexible tube, an outer layer over the flexible tube and the braid layer, and an inlet between the elongate flexible tube and the outer layer and configured to attach to a source of vacuum or pressure. The braid layer has a plurality of strands braided together at a braid angle of 5-40 degrees relative to a longitudinal axis of the elongate flexible tube when the elongate flexible tube is straight. The rigidizing device is configured to have a rigid configuration when vacuum or pressure is applied through the inlet and a flexible configuration when vacuum or pressure is not applied through the inlet. The braid angle is configured to change as the rigidizing device bends when the rigidizing device is in the flexible configuration.

A circuit system includes a user interface, voltage source, and a terminal bank connected to the voltage source. The circuit can be used in a powered catheter system where the catheter includes a structural reinforcement layer such as a braid comprised of one or more wires. The reinforcement layer can be used to convey a current or signal in a powered catheter. The catheter may utilize a hypotube element which provides integrated sensors in order to power and control multiple systems in the powered catheter.

A medical instrument can have an elongated shaft, at least three bending stiffness zones arranged along a length of the elongated shaft, and at least two transition zones that have a variable bending stiffness extending over a length thereof. Each bending stiffness zone can have a bending stiffness that extends over a length of the bending stiffness zone. The variable bending stiffness of each transition zone can vary from a first bending stiffness on a first side of the transition zone to a second bending stiffness on a second side of the transition zone.

Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide a prosthetic valve (e.g., prosthetic heart valve) and a valve delivery apparatus for delivery of the prosthetic valve to a native valve site via the human vasculature. The delivery apparatus is particularly suited for advancing a prosthetic heart valve through the aorta (i.e., in a retrograde approach) for replacing a diseased native aortic valve. The delivery apparatus in particular embodiments is configured to deploy a prosthetic valve from a delivery sheath in a precise and controlled manner at the target location within the body.

A catheter is provided that comprises at least one proximal tubular module and a distal tubular module, each of the tubular modules having at least one section with spiral cuts, each pair of adjacent tubular modules are coupled by a joint, the joint comprising, (a) at least one snap-fit connector on a first tubular module and a snap-fit acceptor positioned on the adjacent tubular module, the snap-fit connector being elastically deformable when engaged, and (b) at least one stabilizing element, including, a tongue element positioned on the first tubular module or the adjacent tubular module, and a groove element positioned on the opposite, first tubular module or the opposite, adjacent tubular module.

A method of implanting a prosthetic heart valve includes advancing a distal end portion of a catheter shaft through a patient's vasculature. The distal end portion of the catheter shaft includes an expansion device. A prosthetic heart valve is mounted on the expansion device with the expansion device and the prosthetic heart valve in a compressed configuration. The method further includes positioning the distal end portion of the catheter shaft and the prosthetic heart valve to an implantation location and expanding the prosthetic heart valve and the expansion device to an expanded configuration. The expansion device includes a main body and a plurality of projections extending radially from the main body. The projections are spaced apart relative to each such that there are grooves extending between adjacent projections providing perfusion passageways between the expansion device and the prosthetic heart valve when the expansion device is in the expanded configuration.

A catheter includes: a tubular structure having a longitudinal axis; wherein the tubular structure comprises first and second rings arranged in series along the longitudinal axis, the first and second rings being respective closed-loops, wherein the first ring lies within a first plane that is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis; wherein the tubular structure comprises a first connecting member having a first end, a second end, and a member body; and a second connecting member comprises a first end, a second end, and a member body; and wherein the second end of the first connecting member and the first end of the second connecting member are connected to the first ring, and disposed across from each other, and wherein the second end of the second connective member is connected to the second ring, and wherein the respective member bodies are configured to rotate and/or bent.