Examples disclosed herein relate to a to a pitch gradient in a lamp filament, and a method of making. In one implementation, a lamp has a bulb filled with a gas. A filament is disposed within the bulb. The filament has a plurality of coils that include a first coil having a first point. The plurality of coils includes a second coil having a second point, and a third coil having a third point. The pitch gradient is defined by a first pitch between the second point and the first point, and a second pitch between the third point and the second point. The second pitch is greater than the first pitch. The second point is 360 degrees away from the first point. The third point is 360 degrees from the second point. A terminal coil is electrically coupled to at least the first coil, the second coil, and the third coil.

A filament lamp (10) comprising a conductor element (100) that connects to at least two filaments (15). The conductor element is ring-shaped and formed of a continuous length or piece of bent conductive wire. The conductor element comprises a plurality of protrusions (111, 112, . . . , 118) to which a respective filament is attached and/or electrically connected. The conductor element lies in a first plane (410). Each of the plurality of protrusions is configured to provide a surface to which a respective filament of the filament lamp is electrically connectable. The surface is inclined with respect to the first plane.

A filament lamp (10) comprising a conductor element (100) that connects to at least two filaments (15). The conductor element is ring-shaped and formed of a continuous length or piece of bent conductive wire. The conductor element comprises a plurality of protrusions (111, 112, . . . , 118) to which a respective filament is attached and/or electrically connected. The conductor element lies in a first plane (410). Each of the plurality of protrusions is configured to provide a surface to which a respective filament of the filament lamp is electrically connectable. The surface is inclined with respect to the first plane.

An apparatus, comprising a film (103) comprising a network of conductive and/or semi-conductive high aspect ratio molecular structures is presented. The apparatus also comprises a frame (102) arranged to support the film (103) at least at least two support positions so that a free-standing region (101) of the film (103) extends between the at least two support positions. The two or more electrical contact areas electrically coupled to the film (103), and these electrical contact areas are arranged to pass electric charge across the free-standing region (101) of the film (103) at a current between 0.01 and 10 amperes.

An apparatus, comprising a film (103) comprising a network of conductive and/or semi-conductive high aspect ratio molecular structures is presented. The apparatus also comprises a frame (102) arranged to support the film (103) at least at least two support positions so that a free-standing region (101) of the film (103) extends between the at least two support positions. The two or more electrical contact areas electrically coupled to the film (103), and these electrical contact areas are arranged to pass electric charge across the free-standing region (101) of the film (103) at a current between 0.01 and 10 amperes.

A method and apparatus for maintaining a free-standing region of a film including a network of High Aspect Ratio Molecular structures (HARM-structures). The method includes electrically coupling the film to two or more electrodes at two or more peripheral locations of the film and passing electric charge across the free-standing region of the film to create a magnetic attraction between the HARM-structures in the network.