An incandescent lamp for a vehicle headlight comprising a transparent vessel that encloses at least one filament and the vessel is at least partly covered with a coating. The coating comprises at least one pigment, which is arranged such that light emitted by the at least one filament and traversing the coating is transformed to transformed light. The transformed light is characterized by a chromaticity according to the CIE 1931 xy-chromaticity with y being in between the Planckian locus and y=0.5*x+0.205 and 0.36<x<0.42, and wherein the at least one pigment comprises a mixture of CoAl oxide and CoAlCr oxide, the mixture being characterized by a ratio of a concentration in mass percentage Cm(CoAl oxide) of CoAl oxide and a concentration in mass percentage Cm(CoAlCr oxide) of CoAlCr oxide in the coating of 90/10Cm(CoAl oxide)/Cm(CoAlCr oxide)30/70.

Embodiments of apparatus for providing radiant energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation are provided herein. In some embodiments a radiation source for electromagnetic radiation includes a tubular body formed from a material transparent to electromagnetic radiation; a filament disposed within the tubular body; and a reflective coating disposed on a portion of the tubular body to form a reflective portion, wherein the reflective portion is configured to minimize reflection of electromagnetic radiation emanating from the filament during use back to the filament.

An incandescent lamp for a vehicle headlight comprising a transparent vessel that encloses at least one filament and the vessel is at least partly covered with a coating. The coating comprises at least one pigment, which is arranged such that light emitted by the at least one filament and traversing the coating is transformed to transformed light. The transformed light is characterized by a chromaticity according to the CIE 1931 xy-chromaticity with y being in between the Planckian locus and y=0.5*x+0.205 and 0.36<x<0.42, and wherein the at least one pigment comprises a mixture of CoAl oxide and CoAlCr oxide, the mixture being characterized by a ratio of a concentration in mass percentage Cm(CoAl oxide) of CoAl oxide and a concentration in mass percentage Cm(CoAlCr oxide) of CoAlCr oxide in the coating of 90/10Cm(CoAl oxide)/Cm(CoAlCr oxide)30/70.

A emitter is formed of a thin-film membrane disposed within a cavity so as to provide a output beam. The emitter may be configured to obtain broadband light. The emitter may enhance the emissivity of light over a broad spectral band.

A partially coated lamp capsule (212) for a projection headlamp (12) has filament (224) in capsule envelope (220) having light-transmissive coating (60) extending from capsule upper region (225) towards filament distal end (227) to an axial location in a region defined between about 0.098 inch (2.5 mm) above filament distal end (227) and about 0.098 inch below filament distal end (227), the capsule envelope (220) being uncoated on an undistorted portion of capsule envelope (220) below filament proximal end (229). Lamp capsule (212) is useful in projection headlamp (12) having a reflector (28) whose central heel (37) forms the hot spot and casts light through projector lens (30) to generate low and/or high beam patterns. Present lamp capsules (212) give increased photometric intensity over conventional lamps in low beam at critical driver's lane (0.6D, 1.3R) and (0.86D, V) test points, and in high beam at the critical (H,V) test point.

An infrared heater includes a heater body and a casing. The heater body includes a heating element and a metamaterial structure capable of emitting infrared radiation having a peak wavelength of a non-Planck distribution when thermal energy is supplied from the heating element. The casing has an interior space in which the heater body is disposed and whose pressure is reducible. In addition, the casing includes an infrared radiation transmitting portion capable of transmitting the infrared radiation emitted by the metamaterial structure to an outside of the casing.

A tungsten-halogen electromagnetic radiation source has a sealed transparent aluminum oxynitride envelope defining an interior volume. At least one optical element is integrally formed into the aluminum oxynitride envelope. A tungsten filament is located in the aluminum oxynitride envelope. A fill gas in the interior volume contains at least a gaseous halogen compound.

A tungsten-halogen electromagnetic radiation source has a sealed transparent aluminum oxynitride envelope defining an interior volume. At least one optical element is integrally formed into the aluminum oxynitride envelope. A tungsten filament is located in the aluminum oxynitride envelope. A fill gas in the interior volume contains at least a gaseous halogen compound.

Methods and apparatus disclosed herein generally relate to lamp heating of process chambers used to process semiconductor substrates. More specifically, implementations disclosed herein relate to arrangement and control of lamps for heating of semiconductor substrates. In some implementations of the present disclosure, fine-tuning of temperature control is achieved by dividing different lamps within an array of lamps into various subgroups or lamp assemblies defined by a specific characteristic. These various subgroups may be based on characteristics such as lamp design and/or lamp positioning within the processing chamber.

Methods and apparatus disclosed herein generally relate to lamp heating of process chambers used to process semiconductor substrates. More specifically, implementations disclosed herein relate to arrangement and control of lamps for heating of semiconductor substrates. In some implementations of the present disclosure, fine-tuning of temperature control is achieved by dividing different lamps within an array of lamps into various subgroups or lamp assemblies defined by a specific characteristic. These various subgroups may be based on characteristics such as lamp design and/or lamp positioning within the processing chamber.