A method for preparing film patterns; firstly, a complementary film pattern (1) to a desired film pattern (201) is prepared on a substrate (3) with an erasable agent; secondly, a whole layer of film (2) is formed on the complementary film pattern (1); and thirdly, the desired film pattern (201) is obtained by removing the complementary film pattern (1). The preparation method can simplify the production process and reduce the production cost of the film patterns.

The present invention provides a thick-film paste for printing the front side of a solar cell device having one or more insulating layers. The thick film paste comprises an electrically conductive metal, and a lead-tellurium-lithium-oxide dispersed in an organic medium.

A solar cell includes a photoelectric conversion section having first and second principal surfaces, and a collecting electrode formed on the first principal surface. The collecting electrode includes first and second electroconductive layers in this order from the photoelectric conversion section side, and includes an insulating layer between the first and second electroconductive layers. The insulating layer is provided with an opening, and the first and second electroconductive layers are in conduction with each other via the opening provided in the insulating layer. The solar cell has, on the first principal surface, the second principal surface or a side surface of the photoelectric conversion section, an insulating region freed of a short circuit of front and back sides of the photoelectric conversion section, and the surface of the insulating region is at least partially covered with the insulating layer.

Methods and systems for forming a layer from a fluid mixture on a web are provided. The system includes a fluid delivery apparatus for delivering the fluid mixture onto the web. The fluid delivery apparatus includes a cascade device and a chemical dispenser device. The system also includes a fluid stirring apparatus comprising at least one fan positioned over the web and configured to generate a flow pattern that stirs the fluid mixture on the web while the layer is being formed, without the at least one fan contacting the fluid mixture. The system further includes a fluid removal apparatus having a rinsing device and a suction device. The rinsing device is configured to dispense a rinsing fluid onto the web. The suction device is configured to remove by suction the rinsing fluid and a remaining portion of the fluid mixture remaining on the web after formation of the layer.

Provided is a method of forming a tin oxide layer using a tin metal target which forms the tin oxide layer on a glass substrate using the tin metal target. The present invention provides the method of forming a tin oxide layer using a tin metal target, which includes forming a tin oxide buffer layer (SnO.sub.2) on the glass substrate by sputtering using the tin metal target and forming a tin oxide (SnO.sub.2−x) semiconductor layer (0<x≦0.01) on the tin oxide buffer layer by sputtering using the tin metal target.

Optically transmissive UV solar cells may be coupled to glass substrates, for example windows, in order to generate electricity while still providing suitable optical behavior for the window. The UV solar cells may be utilized to power electrochromic components coupled to the window to adjust or vary the transmissivity of the window. The UV solar cells may utilize a Schottky ZnO/ZnS heterojunction.

A display panel including a first pixel array, a second pixel array and a display medium therebetween is provided. The first pixel array includes a plurality of first pixel sets, and the second pixel array includes a plurality of second pixel sets. The second pixel array is disposed overlapping the first pixel array, and the display medium is disposed between the first pixel array and the second pixel array. A display unit set is constituted by each of the first pixel sets, one of the second pixel sets disposed overlapping the each of the first pixel sets and the display medium disposed between the first pixel set and the second pixel set, and the display unit set includes a plurality of display units.

An electrode layer formation step of forming an electrode layer including the first electrode and a removal-target body on a first main surface side of a photoelectric conversion part; an insulating layer formation step of forming an insulating layer so as to cover at least the removal-target body; an opening formation step of forming an opening in the insulating layer by utilizing the removal-target body; and a metal layer formation step of forming a metal layer on the electrode layer through the opening of the insulating layer by a plating method are performed in this order. In the opening formation step, at least a part of the removal-target body is removed by irradiation by a laser beam, so that the opening of the insulating layer is formed.

The present disclosure provides a thin-film photovoltaic cell with a high photoelectric conversion rate and a preparation process thereof. The thin-film photovoltaic cell comprises a transparent substrate and photovoltaic units which are disposed on the transparent substrate and arranged toward the display module, and the photovoltaic unit disposed in the display area comprises a transparent front electrode disposed on the transparent substrate, a light absorption layer disposed on the transparent front electrode and a transparent back electrode disposed on the light absorption layer; and the photovoltaic unit disposed in the non-display area comprises a transparent front electrode disposed on the transparent substrate, a light absorption layer disposed on the transparent front electrode and a metal back electrode disposed on the light absorption layer.

Methods and apparatuses for creating solar cell assemblies with bonded interlayers are disclosed. In summary, the present invention describes an apparatus and method for making a solar cell assembly with transparent conductive bonding interlayers. An apparatus in accordance with the present invention comprises a substrate, a first solar cell, coupled to a first side of the substrate, wherein the first solar cell comprises a first Transparent Conductive Coating (TCC) layer coupled to a first polarity electrode of the first solar cell, and a second solar cell, the second solar cell being bonded to the first solar cell by bonding the first TCC layer to the second solar cell.