The invention relates to heterostructures including a layer of a two-dimensional material placed on a multiferroic layer. An ordered array of differing polarization domains in the multiferroic layer produces corresponding domains having differing properties in the two-dimensional material. When the multiferroic layer is ferroelectric, the ferroelectric polarization domains in the layer produce local electric fields that penetrate the two-dimensional material. The local electric fields modulate the charge carriers and carrier density on a nanometer length scale, resulting in the formation of lateral p-n or p-i-n junctions, and variations thereof appropriate for device functions. Methods for producing the heterostructures are provided. Devices incorporating the heterostructures are also provided.

The present disclosure describes epitaxial oxide high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). In some embodiments, a HEMT comprises: a substrate; a template layer on the substrate; a first epitaxial semiconductor layer on the template layer; and a second epitaxial semiconductor layer on the first epitaxial semiconductor layer. The template layer can comprise crystalline metallic Al(111). The first epitaxial semiconductor layer can comprise (Al.sub.xGa.sub.1-x).sub.yO.sub.z, wherein 0≤x≤1, 1≤y≤3, and 2≤z≤4, wherein the (Al.sub.xGa.sub.1-x).sub.yO.sub.z comprises a Pna21 space group, and wherein the (Al.sub.xGa.sub.1-x).sub.yO.sub.z comprises a first conductivity type formed via polarization. The second epitaxial semiconductor layer can comprise a second oxide material.

This invention relates generally to the field of quasicrystalline strictures. In preferred embodiments, the stopgap structure is more spherically symmetric than periodic structures facilitating the formation of stopgaps in nearly all directions because of higher rotational symmetries. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of quasicrystalline structures for optical, mechanical, electrical and magnetic purposes. In some embodiments, the invention relates to manipulating, controlling, modulating and directing waves including electromagnetic, sound, spin, and surface waves, for pre-selected range of wavelengths propagating in multiple directions.

Disclosed are an adhesive transparent electrode and a method of fabricating the same. More particularly, an adhesive transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a substrate and an adhesive silicone-based polymer matrix, in which a metal nanowire network is embedded, deposited on the substrate, wherein the adhesive silicone-based polymer matrix includes a silicone-based polymer including a silicone-based polymer base and a silicone-based polymer crosslinker; and a non-ionic surfactant.

The present disclosure describes epitaxial oxide high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). In some embodiments, a HEMT comprises: a substrate; a first epitaxial semiconductor layer on the substrate; and a second epitaxial semiconductor layer on the first epitaxial semiconductor layer. The first epitaxial semiconductor layer can comprise a first oxide material, wherein the first oxide material can comprise a first polar material with an orthorhombic, tetragonal or trigonal crystal symmetry, and wherein the first oxide material can comprise a first conductivity type formed via polarization. The second epitaxial semiconductor layer can comprise a second oxide material.

In some embodiments, a semiconductor structure includes: a first epitaxial oxide semiconductor layer; a metal layer; and a contact layer adjacent to the metal layer, and between the first epitaxial oxide semiconductor layer and the metal layer. The contact layer can include an epitaxial oxide semiconductor material. The contact layer can also include a region comprising a gradient in a composition of the epitaxial oxide semiconductor material adjacent to the metal layer, or a gradient in a strain of the epitaxial oxide semiconductor material over a region adjacent to the metal layer.

A light-emitting element which uses a plurality of kinds of light-emitting dopants emitting light in a balanced manner and has high emission efficiency is provided. Further, a light-emitting device, a display device, an electronic device, and a lighting device each having reduced power consumption by using the above light-emitting element are provided. A light-emitting element which includes a plurality of light-emitting layers including different phosphorescent materials is provided. In the light-emitting element, the light-emitting layer which includes a light-emitting material emitting light with a long wavelength includes two kinds of carrier-transport compounds having properties of transporting carriers with different polarities. Further, in the light-emitting element, the triplet excitation energy of a host material included in the light-emitting layer emitting light with a short wavelength is higher than the triplet excitation energy of at least one of the carrier-transport compounds.

A nanostructured hybrid particle, a manufacturing method thereof, and a device including the nanostructured hybrid particle are disclosed. The nanostructured hybrid particle includes a hydrophobic base particle having a convex-concave nanopattern on a surface thereof; a hydrophobic light-emitting nanoparticle disposed in a concave portion of the convex-concave nanopattern on the surface of hydrophobic base particle; and a coating layer covering the hydrophobic base particle and the hydrophobic light-emitting nanoparticle. In the nanostructured hybrid particle, light extraction may occur in all 3-dimensional directions, and thus, the nanostructured hybrid particle can exhibit high light extraction efficiency compared to light extraction occurring on a two-dimensional plane.

In some embodiments, a semiconductor structure includes: a first epitaxial oxide semiconductor layer; a metal layer; and a contact layer adjacent to the metal layer, and between the first epitaxial oxide semiconductor layer and the metal layer. The contact layer can include an epitaxial oxide semiconductor material. The contact layer can also include a region comprising a gradient in a composition of the epitaxial oxide semiconductor material adjacent to the metal layer, or a gradient in a strain of the epitaxial oxide semiconductor material over a region adjacent to the metal layer.

An improved heterostructure for an optoelectronic device is provided. The heterostructure includes an active region, an electron blocking layer, and a p-type contact layer. The electron blocking layer is located between the active region and the p-type contact layer. In an embodiment, the electron blocking layer can include a plurality of sublayers that vary in composition.