An anion exchange membrane includes a porous structural framework and bismuth atoms bonded to pore surfaces of the porous structural framework. Each bismuth atom is bonded to a pore surface by way of one or two oxygen atoms.

A membrane electrode assembly for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell includes an anodic catalyst layer, a cathodic catalyst layer, and a polymer electrolyte membrane mediating protic communication between the anodic and cathodic catalyst layers. The cathodic catalyst layer includes an ionic liquid, 1-methyl-2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-ium 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate, in admixture with carbon-supported particles of platinum or a platinum alloy. The ionic liquid improves performance in both high moisture and low moisture operating conditions.

A membrane electrode assembly and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell that are capable of improving water release in a high current region, where a large amount of water is generated, without impairing water retention under low humidity conditions, and also capable of exhibiting high power generation performance and durability under high humidity conditions, and also reducing the production cost of the electrode catalyst layer. A membrane electrode assembly of the present embodiment includes a polymer electrolyte membrane, and a pair of electrode catalyst layers sandwiching the polymer electrolyte membrane. At least one of the pair of electrode catalyst layers contains catalyst-supporting particles having a hydrophobic coating, hydrophobic polymer fibers, and a polymer electrolyte.

Improved catalyst layers for use in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies, and methods for making such catalyst layers, are provided. Catalyst layers can comprise structured units of catalyst, catalyst support, and ionomer. The structured units can provide for more efficient electrical energy production and/or increased lifespan of fuel cells utilizing such membrane electrode assemblies. Catalyst layers can be directly deposited on exchange membranes, such as proton exchange membranes.

In various embodiments, a solid oxide fuel cell is fabricated in part by disposing a functional layer between the cathode and the solid electrolyte.

An electrode for a membrane-electrode assembly having improved oxygen permeability by reducing the ionomer content includes a catalyst including a support and an active metal supported on the support, an ionomer, and an additive including a carbon material and a proton conductive functional group bonded to the carbon material.

A fuel cell includes a flow field plate, a catalyst layer, and a gas diffusion layer (GDL). The flow field plate has at least one channel and at least one land. Each of the at least one channel being positioned between two adjacent lands. The GDL is positioned between the flow field plate and the catalyst layer. The catalyst layer has a first region aligned with the at least one channel and a second region aligned with the at least one land. The first region has a first composition, a first carbon material, and a first carbon ratio of an amount of the first composition to the first carbon material. The second region has a second composition, a second carbon material, and a second carbon ratio of an amount of the second composition to the second carbon material. The first carbon ratio is different than the second carbon ratio.

A solid oxide electrochemical cell includes an oxygen electrode containing a strontium-containing perovskite-type composite oxide represented by Ln.sub.1-xSr.sub.xCo.sub.1-y-zFe.sub.yB.sub.zO.sub.3-δ (Ln is a trivalent lanthanide element, B is a tetravalent element, 0<x<1, 0≤y<1, 0<z<1, and 0<z+y<1, and δ is a value that is determined to satisfy charge neutrality conditions), a solid electrolyte containing zirconium oxide, a hydrogen electrode, and an interlayer containing a rare-earth-doped cerium oxide that is provided between the solid electrolyte and the oxygen electrode.

The present invention relates to a cathode material for a lithium-air battery and a method of manufacturing a cathode using the same. The cathode material of the present invention includes a solvent component and thus includes an electrolyte in a small amount compared to a conventional cathode material, thereby reducing the weight of a cathode manufactured using the cathode material, ultimately increasing the energy density of a lithium-air battery including the cathode.

The present disclosure relates to antioxidant for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell electrode catalyst, which includes cerium hydrogen phosphate (HCe.sub.2(PO.sub.4).sub.3(H.sub.2O)) in the form of a nanofiber, and an electrode and a membrane-electrode assembly including the same. The electrode for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell of the present disclosure, wherein the antioxidant is dispersed, can improve the mechanical strength of an electrode catalyst layer and can minimize deterioration of chemical durability even after long-term operation. And, a fuel cell including the same can exhibit high output performance and can operate stably even after long-term operation.