A proton conductor contains a metal oxide that has a perovskite structure and that is represented by formula (1): A.sub.xB.sub.1-yM.sub.yO.sub.3-δ, where an element A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Ca, and Sr, an element B is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ce and Zr, an element M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y, Yb, Er, Ho, Tm, Gd, In, and Sc, δ indicates an oxygen deficiency amount, and 0.95≤x≤1 and 0<y≤0.5 are satisfied.

Disclosed are a catalyst complex and a method of manufacturing the same. The catalyst complex may be manufactured by uniformly depositing metal catalyst particles on pretreated support particles through an atomic layer deposition process using a fluidized-bed reactor, which may be then uniformly dispersed throughout the ionomer solution. As such, manufacturing costs may be reduced due to the use of a small amount of metal catalyst particles and the durability of an electrolyte membrane and OCV may increase. Further disclosed are a method of manufacturing the catalyst complex, an electrolyte membrane including the catalyst complex, and a method of manufacturing the electrolyte membrane.

In an embodiment, a Li-ion battery electrode comprises a conductive interlayer arranged between a current collector and an electrode active material layer. The conductive interlayer comprises first conductive additives and a first polymer binder, and the electrode active material layer comprises a plurality of active material particles mixed with a second polymer binder (which may be the same as or different from the first polymer binder) and second conductive additives (which may be the same as or different from the first conductive additives). In a further embodiment, the Li-ion battery electrode may be fabricated via application of successive slurry formulations onto the current collector, with the resultant product then being calendared (or densified).

An electrode for a redox flow battery, including a plate-shaped carbon electrode material, in which uniform consecutive macropores are formed in a three-dimensional network form and contact interface between carbon particles does not exist, in which: an average macropore diameter of the carbon electrode material is in a range of from 6 μm to 35 μm; an interplanar distance of (002) planes of a graphite crystallite in the carbon electrode material is in a range of from 0.33 nm to 0.40 nm; and a crystallite size of a graphite crystallite in a c-axis direction in the carbon electrode material is in a range of from 0.9 nm to 8.5 nm.

A metal-air battery includes: a cathode formed of a co-continuous body having a three dimensional network structure formed by an integrated plurality of nanostructures having branches; a foil- or plate-like anode formed of a metal; a separator that absorbs a liquid, which is to be an electrolytic solution; and a foil- or plate-like current collector formed of a metal. The metal-air battery is formed with a wound structure in which the current collector, the cathode, the separator, the anode, and the separator are superimposed and wound in this order.

A nanowire catalyst for a fuel cell has a porous structure in which first and second pores having predetermined pore sizes are uniformly dispersed inside and on the surface thereof at a predetermined volume ratio. This enables the efficient exposure of active sites and efficient mass transfer, thereby improving fuel cell performance.

Hybrid catalyst suitable for use in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and method of preparing same. In one embodiment, the hybrid catalyst is iron-free and includes an Mn—N—C support and platinum-containing nanoparticles that are dispersed on the Mn—N—C support. The Mn—N—C support preferably comprises atomically dispersed and nitrogen coordinated MnN.sub.4 moieties and has a particle size of about 30 to 200 nm. The platinum-containing nanoparticles preferably have a particle size ranging from about 2 to 8 nm and are made of platinum or a platinum-cobalt intermetallic alloy, such as a cubic L1.sub.2 Pt.sub.3Co alloy or a tetragonal L1.sub.0 PtCo alloy. The hybrid catalyst may be made by combining a quantity of a hexachloroplatinic acid solution with a quantity of an Mn—N—C support, sonicating the mixture in an ice bath, freeze-drying the sonicated product, calcinating the freeze-dried product under a forming gas, and heating the calcinated product.

Herein discussed is an electrode comprising a copper or copper oxide phase and a ceramic phase, wherein the copper or copper oxide phase and the ceramic phase are sintered and are inter-dispersed with one another. Further discussed herein is a method of making a copper-containing electrode comprising: (a) forming a dispersion comprising ceramic particles and copper or copper oxide particles; (b) depositing the dispersion onto a substrate to form a slice; and (c) sintering the slice using electromagnetic radiation.

Disclose is a method of manufacturing catalyst ink for a fuel cell, and particularly the method includes removing eluted transition metal from a noble-metal/transition-metal alloy catalyst.

The present disclosure provides a fuel cell, comprising: an anode; a cathode; and a membrane electrode assembly disposed between the anode and the cathode. The anode may comprise a gas diffusion layer with one or more channels for directing a source material through the gas diffusion layer of the anode to facilitate processing of the source material to generate an electrical current. The one or more channels may comprise one or more features configured to enhance a diffusion of the source material through the gas diffusion layer of the anode. The source material may comprise hydrogen and nitrogen.