A solid oxide fuel cell includes a support of which a main component is a metal, a mixed layer that is provided on the support and includes a metallic material and a ceramics material, an intermediate layer that is provided on the mixed layer and includes an electron conductive ceramics material, and an anode that is provided on the intermediate layer and includes an oxygen ion conductive ceramics material and Ni. A ratio of a metal component in the intermediate layer is smaller than a ratio of the metallic material in the mixed layer.

An electrocatalyst includes a carbon substrate, metal oxide particles dispersed on the carbon substrate, and metal catalyst particles. The metal catalyst particles are metal substitutions in the metal oxide particles, or adsorbed on the metal oxide particles.

A single-electrode battery subassembly includes a separator comprising an electrolyte. The separator has a first surface and an opposing second surface. A single electrode is disposed over the first surface of the separator. A removable, electrically inert substrate disposed on the second surface of the separator.

This anode catalyst layer for a fuel cell contains electrode catalyst particles, a carbon carrier on which the electrode catalyst particles are loaded, water electrolysis catalyst particles, a proton-conducting binder, and graphitized carbon. The graphitized carbon has a bulk density of 0.50/cm.sup.3 or less.

A method for producing a catalyst-coated membrane includes: producing and/or providing at least one first ink with a first ink composition, comprising supported catalyst particles, a proton-conductive ionomer, and a dispersing agent, the content of the supported catalyst particles in the composition remaining below the content of the proton-conductive ionomer; unwinding a web-shaped proton-conductive membrane material which is provided on a roll; applying at least one layer of the first ink onto at least one section of the membrane material using a first application tool; and sputtering a catalyst powder consisting of or comprising catalyst particles onto a surface of the outermost ink layer facing away from the membrane material using a sputtering device.

A stable form which uses a carbon material having electrical conductivity as a raw material and that the electrical conductivity of the carbon material is retained and/or improved, and which improves the electricity generation properties when used in a catalyst layer for a fuel cell. The present invention is directed to, e.g., a calcined material of a mixture of an aromatic compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group and a carbon material having electrical conductivity.

A method for manufacturing a functionalized metal oxide product configured to be used in an anode catalyst layer of a fuel cell can include forming a catalyst solution, which can include mixing a metal oxide in water. A stock solution can be formed by mixing a fatty acid in water. The stock solution can be added to the catalyst solution to form a solid fraction and a liquid fraction. The solid fraction can be removed from the liquid fraction. The solid fraction can be washed and dried, thereby forming the functionalized metal oxide product. The functionalized metal oxide product is configured to improve the cell reversal tolerance of the fuel cell.

Provided are an electrochemical catalyst and a preparation method therefor. The preparation method for an electrochemical catalyst may comprise the steps of preparing a base metal aqueous solution containing a base metal, hydrothermally synthesizing a base structure containing an oxide of the base metal by using the base metal aqueous solution, and using a heat treatment method for the base structure in a sulfur (S)-containing reactive gas atmosphere, exchanging oxygen (O) on the surface of the base structure with sulfur (S) of the reactive gas to form a catalyst structure which has a core structure containing the oxide of the base metal and a shell structure containing a sulfide of the base metal.

A method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane and a catalyst layer-formed gas diffusion layer bonded to the electrolyte membrane, the method including: a liquid application step of applying, in the atmosphere, a liquid to only a surface of the catalyst layer before bonding; and a thermocompression bonding step of bonding, to the electrolyte membrane, the catalyst layer-formed gas diffusion layer to which the liquid is applied, by thermocompression bonding. Provided is a method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly including a polymer electrolyte membrane and a catalyst layer-formed gas diffusion layer bonded to the polymer electrolyte membrane, in which the manufacturing method can achieve both the relaxation of thermocompression bonding conditions and the improvement of adhesion between the catalyst layer-formed gas diffusion layer and the electrolyte membrane with high productivity.

The present invention provides a method of operating a fuel cell, which method enables a polymer electrolyte membrane to be humidified sufficiently under high-temperature conditions, and can obtain excellent power generation performance. The present invention is a method of operating a fuel cell including a membrane electrode assembly containing an electrolyte membrane, catalyst layers, and gas diffusion layers, the method including a step of setting the operating temperature of the fuel cell at 100° C. or more, wherein, in the step, the relative humidity of supply gas to be supplied to the fuel cell is 70% or more, and the back pressure of the supply gas is 330 kPa or more.