Apparatuses and methods of measuring a hydrogen diffusivity of a metal structure including during operation of the metal structure, are provided. A hydrogen charging surface is provided at a first location on an external surface of the structure. In addition, a hydrogen oxidation surface is provided at a second location adjacent to the first location on the external surface of the structure. Hydrogen flux is generated and directed into the metal surface at the charging surface. At least a portion of the hydrogen flux generated by the charging surface is diverted back toward the surface. A transient of the diverted hydrogen fluxes measured, and this measurement is used to determine the hydrogen diffusivity of the metal structure in service.

An electrode structure includes a sheet-shaped electrode base member formed of a porous material. The electrode base member is provided with an electrode function part, and a seal function part. The electrode function part has a diffusion layer and a catalyst layer. The seal function part is disposed on at least an outer peripheral region of the electrode function part and formed by impregnating the electrode base member with an elastomer.

An electrode structure includes a sheet-shaped electrode base member formed of a porous material. The electrode base member is provided with an electrode function part, and a seal function part. The electrode function part has a diffusion layer and a catalyst layer. The seal function part is disposed on at least an outer peripheral region of the electrode function part and formed by impregnating the electrode base member with an elastomer.

Described herein is a novel electrode-decoupled redox flow battery, a novel reinforced electrode-decoupled redox flow battery, and methods of using same to store energy. Advantages of these novel electrode-decoupled redox flow batteries include long life, excellent rate capability, and stability.

Described herein is a novel electrode-decoupled redox flow battery, a novel reinforced electrode-decoupled redox flow battery, and methods of using same to store energy. Advantages of these novel electrode-decoupled redox flow batteries include long life, excellent rate capability, and stability.

A redox flow battery is provided, including an ion-exchange membrane, a current collector plate, and an electrode that is disposed between the ion-exchange membrane and the current collector plate. The electrode includes a main electrode layer in which an electrolytic solution flows from a surface on the current collector plate side to a surface on the ion-exchange membrane side, and the main electrode layer includes a plurality of main electrode pieces which are arranged in parallel in a plane direction.

A redox flow battery is provided, including an ion-exchange membrane, a current collector plate, and an electrode that is disposed between the ion-exchange membrane and the current collector plate. The electrode includes a main electrode layer in which an electrolytic solution flows from a surface on the current collector plate side to a surface on the ion-exchange membrane side, and the main electrode layer includes a plurality of main electrode pieces which are arranged in parallel in a plane direction.

A process for depositing a plurality of layers of iridium on a substrate includes: contacting the substrate with an electrolyte composition including: iridium cations protons; biasing the substrate at a first potential; forming iridium on the substrate at the first potential of the substrate; disposing hydrogen on the substrate; self-terminating the forming of iridium on the substrate in response to increasing a coverage of hydrogen on the substrate; oxidizing hydrogen on the substrate by changing a potential of the substrate from the first potential to a second potential; and changing the potential of the substrate from the second potential to a third potential for forming additional iridium on the substrate to deposit a plurality of layers of iridium on the substrate, such that forming the additional iridium on the substrate occurs at the third potential in response to oxidizing the hydrogen on the substrate at the second potential.

The present invention relates to SiC nanostructures, including SiC nanopowder, SiC nanowires, and composites of SiC nanopowder and nanowires, which can be used as catalyst supports in membrane electrode assemblies and in fuel cells. The present invention also relates to composite catalyst supports comprising nanopowder and one or more inorganic nanowires for a membrane electrode assembly.

An article having a continuous network of zinc and a continuous network of void space interpenetrating the zinc network. The zinc network is a fused, monolithic structure. A method of: providing an emulsion having a zinc powder and a liquid phase; drying the emulsion to form a sponge; annealing and/or sintering the sponge to form an annealed and/or sintered sponge; heating the annealed and/or sintered sponge in an oxidizing atmosphere to form an oxidized sponge having zinc oxide on the surface of the oxidized sponge; and electrochemically reducing the zinc oxide to form a zinc metal sponge.