The present invention provides a simulation method, a simulation device, and a simulation program. A method for simulating a cell in which the electrolyte is a molten salt, the simulation method involving simulating the behavior of the cell and including a process for raising the temperature of the molten salt.

Provided are a thermal battery system and an ignition method of the same, wherein the thermal battery system includes: a thermal battery assembly including a plurality of thermal batteries arranged in series and in parallel; an ignition circuit connected to the plurality of thermal batteries in the thermal battery assembly; and a control unit configured to control the ignition circuit such that each of the plurality of thermal batteries in the thermal battery assembly is selectively ignited, wherein the control unit is configured to selectively ignite one of the plurality of thermal batteries in an active matrix manner by controlling an ignition circuit.

Provided are a thermal battery system and an ignition method of the same, wherein the thermal battery system includes: a thermal battery assembly including a plurality of thermal batteries arranged in series and in parallel; an ignition circuit connected to the plurality of thermal batteries in the thermal battery assembly; and a control unit configured to control the ignition circuit such that each of the plurality of thermal batteries in the thermal battery assembly is selectively ignited, wherein the control unit is configured to selectively ignite one of the plurality of thermal batteries in an active matrix manner by controlling an ignition circuit.

A nanofluid contact potential difference cell includes a cathode with a lower work function and an anode with a higher work function separated by a nanometer-scale spaced inter-electrode gap containing a nanofluid with intermediate work function nanoparticle clusters. The cathode comprises a refractory layer and a thin film of electrosprayed dipole nanoparticle clusters partially covering a surface of the refractory layer. A thermal power source, placed in thermal contact with the cathode, to drive an electrical current through an electrical circuit connecting the cathode and anode with an external electrical load in between. A switch is configured to intermittently connect the anode and the cathode to maintain non-equilibrium between a first current from the cathode to the anode and a second current from the anode to the cathode.

A nanofluid contact potential difference cell includes a cathode with a lower work function and an anode with a higher work function separated by a nanometer-scale spaced inter-electrode gap containing a nanofluid with intermediate work function nanoparticle clusters. The cathode comprises a refractory layer and a thin film of electrosprayed dipole nanoparticle clusters partially covering a surface of the refractory layer. A thermal power source, placed in thermal contact with the cathode, to drive an electrical current through an electrical circuit connecting the cathode and anode with an external electrical load in between. A switch is configured to intermittently connect the anode and the cathode to maintain non-equilibrium between a first current from the cathode to the anode and a second current from the anode to the cathode.

A liquid reserve battery including: a collapsible storage unit having a liquid electrolyte stored therein; a battery cell in communication with an outlet of the collapsible storage unit, the battery cell having gaps dispersed therein; a first pyrotechnic material partially disposed adjacent the collapsible storage unit such that initiation of the first pyrotechnic material provides pressure to collapse the collapsible storage unit to heat and force the liquid electrolyte through the outlet and into the gaps; and a tube disposed in the battery cell, wherein second pyrotechnic material is disposed in the tube, the tube being one of formed of an electrically non-conductive material or covered with an electrically non-conductive material.

A liquid reserve battery including: a collapsible storage unit having a liquid electrolyte stored therein; a battery cell in communication with an outlet of the collapsible storage unit, the battery cell having gaps dispersed therein; a first pyrotechnic material partially disposed adjacent the collapsible storage unit such that initiation of the first pyrotechnic material provides pressure to collapse the collapsible storage unit to heat and force the liquid electrolyte through the outlet and into the gaps; and a tube disposed in the battery cell, wherein second pyrotechnic material is disposed in the tube, the tube being one of formed of an electrically non-conductive material or covered with an electrically non-conductive material.

An apparatus includes a thermal battery, which includes a housing and one or more battery cells within the housing. Each battery cell includes an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte. The electrolyte in each battery cell is configured to be in a solid state when the battery cell is inactive. The apparatus also includes a phase change material around at least part of the housing. The phase change material is configured to conduct external heat into the housing in order to melt the electrolyte in each battery cell and activate the battery cell. The phase change material is also configured to change phase in order to reduce conduction of the external heat into the housing.

An apparatus includes a thermal battery, which includes a housing and one or more battery cells within the housing. Each battery cell includes an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte. The electrolyte in each battery cell is configured to be in a solid state when the battery cell is inactive. The apparatus also includes a phase change material around at least part of the housing. The phase change material is configured to conduct external heat into the housing in order to melt the electrolyte in each battery cell and activate the battery cell. The phase change material is also configured to change phase in order to reduce conduction of the external heat into the housing.

A liquid reserve battery including: a collapsible storage unit having a collapsible cavity for storing a liquid electrolyte therein; and a battery cell in communication with an outlet of the collapsible storage unit, the battery cell having gaps dispersed therein. Wherein the collapsible storage unit includes: a top plate having three or more first sides; a bottom plate having three or more second sides, each of the three or more first sides being angularly offset from a corresponding one of the three or more second sides about a central axis, the top plate being linearly offset from the bottom plate in a longitudinal direction along the central axis; and for each of the three of more first sides, first and second triangular sidewalls connecting the top plate bottom plate and each other.