A power source system including a plurality of cells. The power source system uses electrical charge or current generated by a reaction in at least one of the cells to provide at least one operating material to at least one other of the cells. Optionally, the power source system uses the electrical charge generated by the reaction in the at least one of the cells to provide the at least one operating material to the at least one other of the cells only when the state of charge of the at least one of the cells is equal to or below a threshold or when the use of the cell is equal to or above a threshold. Optionally, in an initial or non-operational state, one or more or each of the cells is dry or without the at least one operating material and the power source system is configured to selectively switch at least one of the plurality of cells from the non-operational state to an operational state by providing the at least one operating material to the at least one cell.

For each cell in a plurality of cells from a same manufacturing run, a first and a second cell characteristic are received in order to obtain a plurality of cell characteristics. For each cell, a batch compatibility number that is associated with a number of compatible cells that that cell is compatible with is determined based at least in part on the plurality of cell characteristics. The plurality of cells is sorted according to the batch compatibility numbers to obtain a sorted list of cells. A plurality of compatible cells to include in a battery is selected from the plurality of cells, including by evaluating the plurality of cells according to the order of the sorted list of cells and beginning with the lowest batch compatibility number.

In one embodiment, a temperature management device is provided with a plurality of battery cells, power sensor(s) each of which detects the charge/discharge power of battery cell(s) at a prescribed time interval, a power representative value calculation section which calculates a power representative value of a time lapse data of the charge/discharge power(s) detected by the power sensor, temperature sensor(s) each of which detects the temperature of battery cell(s) at a prescribed time interval, a temperature representative value calculation section which calculates a temperature representative value of a time lapse data of temperature(s) detected by the temperature sensor, a radiation characteristic identification section which identifies a radiation characteristic from the temperature representative value and the power representative value, and an air conditioning setting calculation section which calculates an air conditioning setting for the battery cell(s) corresponding to the power representative value by using the radiation characteristic.

A receptacle in the body of a missile includes a plurality of electrical contacts connected to one or more electrically powered devices within the missile and configured to connect to an electrical power source. The receptacle receives a removable and reusable battery pack including connectors contacting the plurality of electrical contacts when the battery pack is mounted within the receptacle and one or more non-chemical, squibless batteries, preferably comprised of high power density primary cell lithium metal oxide cells. An interface circuit coupled to the squibless batteries initiates, terminates, and re-initiates delivery of electrical power from the squibless batteries to the plurality of electrical contacts based on a control input. Transportation, storage, and use risks associated with squibs in chemical batteries are avoided. During development testing, battery power may be shut down and restarted without the battery first becoming fully depleted and replaced shortening overall testing time and reducing expense.

An apparatus and method for testing a battery pack are provided. Measurement circuitry is configured to measure parameters of batteries within the battery pack. The measurement circuitry responsively provides an output indicative of a condition of a battery in the battery pack. The output is based upon a measured parameter of the battery pack and a correction factor.

A battery aligning device includes an inlet through which a first cylindrical battery is input, an outlet from which the first cylindrical battery is discharged, regulating plates constituting a slit in a path from the inlet to the outlet, and a support member which supports one end portion and the other end portion of each of the regulating plates, in the regulating plates, a length from the one end portion to the other end portion is longer than a length of the first cylindrical battery, an X-Z cross-section has a non-linear shape, in an interval between the one regulating plate and the other regulating plate, a facing interval between surfaces is larger than a diameter of the first cylindrical battery, and when a line segment having the same length as that of the first cylindrical battery is in contact with the regulating plate at two points on the X-Z cross-section, a distance between the line segment and the regulating plate is arranged at an interval smaller than the diameter of the first cylindrical battery.

For each cell in a plurality of cells from a same manufacturing run, a first and a second cell characteristic are received in order to obtain a plurality of cell characteristics. For each cell, a batch compatibility number that is associated with a number of compatible cells that that cell is compatible with is determined based at least in part on the plurality of cell characteristics. The plurality of cells is sorted according to the batch compatibility numbers to obtain a sorted list of cells. A plurality of compatible cells to include in a battery is selected from the plurality of cells, including by evaluating the plurality of cells according to the order of the sorted list of cells and beginning with the lowest batch compatibility number.

A battery aligning device includes an inlet through which a first cylindrical battery is input, an outlet from which the first cylindrical battery is discharged, regulating plates constituting a slit in a path from the inlet to the outlet, and a support member which supports one end portion and the other end portion of each of the regulating plates, in the regulating plates, a length from the one end portion to the other end portion is longer than a length of the first cylindrical battery, an X-Z cross-section has a non-linear shape, in an interval between the one regulating plate and the other regulating plate, a facing interval between surfaces is larger than a diameter of the first cylindrical battery, and when a line segment having the same length as that of the first cylindrical battery is in contact with the regulating plate at two points on the X-Z cross-section, a distance between the line segment and the regulating plate is arranged at an interval smaller than the diameter of the first cylindrical battery.

The operation of the ionic electric power station is based on the stable corrosion of a plurality of sacrificial anodes immersed in sea water or water with common salt inside a cell, without membranes to separate the cathodic zone from the anodic zone, kinetic conditions being generated inside the cell by the circulation of water moved by a pump in a closed circuit between the cells and a reservoir.

Battery life extending devices include a voltage boosting circuit that generates a boosted voltage from an insufficiently high battery output voltage. A voltage boosting circuit can employ voltage bypass to output the battery voltage when the battery outputs a sufficiently high voltage for the operation of a battery powered device. A voltage boosting circuit can reduce output voltage in response to reduced input voltage from the battery.