The present invention relates to an energy storage system (10) comprising a plurality of electrical module packs (12) connected in series, each electrical module pack (12) having a positive terminal and a negative terminal, the voltage at the terminals of each electrical module pack (12) being equal to the potential difference between the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the pack (12), the voltage at the terminals of the system (10) being equal to the sum of the voltages of the connected electrical module packs (12), each electrical module pack (12) being supported by a frame (20), each frame (20) being set at a reference potential, characterized in that the reference potential of each frame (20) is broadly between the positive terminal potential and the negative terminal potential of the electrical module pack (12) supported by the frame.

The present invention includes a fuel cell system having a plurality of adjacent electrochemical cells formed of an anode layer, a cathode layer spaced apart from the anode layer, and an electrolyte layer disposed between the anode layer and the cathode layer. The fuel cell system also includes at least one interconnect, the interconnect being structured to conduct free electrons between adjacent electrochemical cells. Each interconnect includes a primary conductor embedded within the electrolyte layer and structured to conduct the free electrons.

The present invention includes a fuel cell system having a plurality of adjacent electrochemical cells formed of an anode layer, a cathode layer spaced apart from the anode layer, and an electrolyte layer disposed between the anode layer and the cathode layer. The fuel cell system also includes at least one interconnect, the interconnect being structured to conduct free electrons between adjacent electrochemical cells. Each interconnect includes a primary conductor embedded within the electrolyte layer and structured to conduct the free electrons.

In order for a vehicle to which a fuel cell module is mounted to fully secure an electric connection between a vehicle body and the fuel cell module, a vehicle is provided, which includes a conductive plate-like member, constituting at least a part of a floor portion of a vehicle body of the vehicle, and having a protruded portion protruded upwardly in the gravity directions and extended from the front to the rear of the vehicle, a fuel cell module, provided downward in the gravity directions from the plate-like member, and accommodating a fuel cell, and a grounding wire, electrically connecting the fuel cell module with the plate-like member within a range when seen in the gravity direction where the protruded portion exists.

In order for a vehicle to which a fuel cell module is mounted to fully secure an electric connection between a vehicle body and the fuel cell module, a vehicle is provided, which includes a conductive plate-like member, constituting at least a part of a floor portion of a vehicle body of the vehicle, and having a protruded portion protruded upwardly in the gravity directions and extended from the front to the rear of the vehicle, a fuel cell module, provided downward in the gravity directions from the plate-like member, and accommodating a fuel cell, and a grounding wire, electrically connecting the fuel cell module with the plate-like member within a range when seen in the gravity direction where the protruded portion exists.

Described herein are systems and methods for the management and control of electrolyte within confined electrochemical cells or groups (e.g. stacks) of connected electrochemical cells, for example, in an electrolyzer. Various embodiments of systems and methods provide for the elimination of parasitic conductive paths between cells, and/or precise passive control of fluid pressures within cells. In some embodiments, a fixed volume of electrolyte is substantially retained within each cell while efficiently collecting and removing produced gases or other products from the cell.

Described herein are systems and methods for the management and control of electrolyte within confined electrochemical cells or groups (e.g. stacks) of connected electrochemical cells, for example, in an electrolyzer. Various embodiments of systems and methods provide for the elimination of parasitic conductive paths between cells, and/or precise passive control of fluid pressures within cells. In some embodiments, a fixed volume of electrolyte is substantially retained within each cell while efficiently collecting and removing produced gases or other products from the cell.

A method of operating a fuel cell assembly comprising a plurality of fuel cells connected together for collectively providing power to a load, each fuel cell including an anode and a cathode, the method comprising selectively providing an electrical connection between the anode and the cathode of at least one of the fuel cells of the assembly for lowering the voltage across the fuel cell independent of the load.

A method of operating a fuel cell assembly comprising a plurality of fuel cells connected together for collectively providing power to a load, each fuel cell including an anode and a cathode, the method comprising selectively providing an electrical connection between the anode and the cathode of at least one of the fuel cells of the assembly for lowering the voltage across the fuel cell independent of the load.

An embodiment fuel cell vehicle includes a fuel cell, a power distributor disposed on the fuel cell and configured to receive power generated by the fuel cell, a voltage cable connected to a rear side of the power distributor, and a cable bumper coupled to the rear side of the power distributor and surrounding a portion of the voltage cable.