Method and apparatus for generating green electrical power. During a hydrogen gas storage mode, an electrolyzer generates a stream of hydrogen gas from water supplied by a water source and using power from an input power source. A hydrogen tank temporarily stores the stream of hydrogen. During a power generation mode, a fuel cell converts the stream of hydrogen gas from the tank into output electrical power by combining the hydrogen with oxygen. An inverter conditions and supplies the electrical power to a local load. A controller circuit uses a system parameter to adaptively switch between the storage mode and the power generation mode. In some cases, external power is supplied during the generation and storage of the hydrogen gas from an electrical grid or a local renewable source such as a set of solar panels. Respective grid-tied, solar-tied, grid-only, off-grid, and electric vehicle charging configurations are provided.

A flow battery includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a first liquid in contact with the negative electrode, a second liquid in contact with the positive electrode, and a lithium-ion-conductive film disposed between the first liquid and the second liquid. At least one of the first liquid or the second liquid contains a redox species and lithium ions. The lithium-ion-conductive film includes an inorganic member containing zeolite.

A fuel cell system is provided and the fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell; a fuel processing unit configured to process a raw fuel to produce a fuel gas for the fuel cell; an oxidant gas heating unit configured to heat an oxidant gas for the fuel cell; a combustor configured to combust the raw fuel to produce a combustion gas for use in heating the fuel processing unit and the oxidant gas heating unit; a supply control unit configured to, during a warm-up of the fuel cell, control supply of the raw fuel to the fuel processing unit and the combustor; and a power generation control unit configured to control a power generation state during the warm-up of the fuel cell. When the fuel cell has reached a power generation available temperature, the power generation control unit is configured to cause the fuel cell to perform power generation, and the supply control unit is configured to supply the raw fuel to both the fuel processing unit and the combustor.

A fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell that includes an installation port and a discharge port for a reactant gas; a first injection device that intermittently injects the reactant gas; second and third injection devices that continuously inject the reactant gas; an ejector that includes an ejection port for the reactant gas from the first or second injection device and the discharge port; a first flow passage that connects the installation port and the ejection port; a second flow passage through which the reactant gas from the third injection device is led to the first flow passage without the ejector; and a control device that performs a warm-up operation by executing the injection of the third injection device, executes the injection of the second injection device, and executes the injection of the first injection device after completion of the warm-up operation.

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, first and second supply devices, a gas-liquid separator, a discharge valve, first and second ejectors for discharging fuel gas and off gas to the fuel cell, a measuring device for gas pressure, and a control device. The first ejector has a discharge amount smaller than the second ejector. The first ejector has a circulation amount larger than the second ejector. The control device executes the supply during a first time from the first supply device at each first cycle such that the pressure becomes a first target value, and when the first ejector is in an abnormal state, stops the first supply device, executes the supply during a shorter second time from the second supply device at each shorter second cycle such that the pressure becomes a higher second target value, and opens and closes the discharge valve at each first cycle.

Disclosed is a method of controlling an air supply system for a fuel cell. The air supply system includes a fuel cell stack, an air channel to supply air to an inlet of the fuel cell stack, a gas adsorption unit disposed on the air channel and configured to adsorb oxygen contained in air introduced into the air channel. In particular, the method includes: determining whether a power generation operation of the fuel cell stack is resumed; when the power generation operation of the fuel cell stack is resumed, controlling a voltage source to apply a voltage to the gas adsorption unit; and supplying air to the fuel cell stack through the air channel in a state in which the voltage is applied to the gas adsorption unit.

Methods and apparatus for reducing the tendency for mold formation and accumulation in membrane-based humidifiers used in PEM fuel cell systems can include reducing the oxygen concentration and/or generating hydrogen peroxide within the humidifier upon shutdown of a fuel cell system. In some embodiments, a fuel cell system comprises valves and lines located and operable to facilitate introduction of hydrogen into the humidifier upon shutdown of the system. In some embodiments, a fuel cell humidifier comprises a catalyst for promoting the generation of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen, and/or comprises acidic gas transport layers.

A system for high-temperature reversible electrolysis of water, characterised in that it includes: a high-temperature reversible electrolyser, configured to operate in SOEC (solid oxide electrolyser cell) mode to produce hydrogen and store electricity, and/or in SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) mode to withdraw hydrogen and produce electricity; a hydride tank, thermally coupled with the reversible electrolyser, the system being configured to allow the recovery of heat released by the hydride tank during hydrogen absorption in order to produce pressurised steam intended for entering the reversible electrolyser in SOEC mode, and to allow the recovery of heat released by the one or more outgoing streams from the reversible electrolyser in SOFC mode so as to allow the desorption of hydrogen from the hydride tank.

A fuel cell arrangement which comprises a fuel cell having a first inlet for a fuel and a second inlet for an oxidizing agent, and comprises a vortex tube having an inlet, a first outlet for heated gas and a second outlet for cooled gas. Here, the first outlet of the vortex tube is fluidically connected to the first inlet or the second inlet of the fuel cell. A fuel cell system may have such a fuel cell arrangement, and a vehicle may have such a fuel cell arrangement or fuel cell system.

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a plurality of injectors capable of adjusting a flow rate of anode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack, and an ECU causing the plurality of injectors to operate. The plurality of injectors include a main injector, and a BP injector that operates when power that exceeds a prescribed power generation amount is generated. The ECU performs an operational check of causing the BP injector to operate at least once and judging whether the BP injector is normal or abnormal, during a period from when the fuel cell system is activated to when the fuel cell system stops.