An MG-ECU obtains a rotational speed Na of an ACP. The MG-ECU transmits the obtained rotational speed (a PM reception rotational speed) Na of the ACP to a PM-ECU through communication. The PM-ECU obtains a rotational speed predicted value Np by adding a rotational speed change width Cvw to the PM reception rotational speed Na received from the delayed MG-ECU. A limit torque Tr12 is obtained through the use of the obtained rotational speed predicted value Np and an ACP permissible power level line L1.

A method conditions a fuel cell stack of a fuel cell system during a usage operation of the fuel cell system. The method determines that a conditioning of the fuel cell stack is to be carried out for increasing an electrical power provided by the fuel cell stack during usage operation. In addition, the method adjusts at least one operating parameter of the fuel cell system in order to increase a current flow through the fuel cell stack for conditioning the fuel cell stack during usage operation.

A power generation method includes providing power from a first DC power source to a load, while a second DC power source is electrically disconnected from the load, electrically connecting the second DC power source to the load and providing power from the second DC power source to the load if an output voltage from the first DC power source drops below a threshold voltage and an output voltage from the second DC power source is not below the threshold voltage, and electrically disconnecting the first DC power source from the load if an output current of the first DC power source is below a threshold current.

To provide a fuel cell system capable of evaluating degradation of an electrolyte membrane by quantifying metal ions involved in degradation of an electrolyte membrane instead of evaluating degradation of an electrolyte membrane itself. A fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell, a fuel gas system for supplying fuel gas to an anode of the fuel cell, an oxidant gas system for supplying oxidant gas to a cathode of the fuel cell, a voltage detector for detecting a voltage of the fuel cell, and a controller.

A modeling method for designing a flow field of a fuel cell including a membrane electrode assembly including a catalyst layer and an electrolyte membrane, a gas diffusion layer, a flow field, and a bipolar plate includes modeling using a numerical model derived from a governing equation including a mass conservation equation of species, a fluid momentum in a porous media, and a modified Butler-Volmer's equation and outputting an oxygen diffusion characteristic in a catalyst layer from the modeling result.

Some embodiments include a system. The system can comprise an energy source supply hub and an energy source supply appliance. The energy source supply hub can comprise a hub energy source supply system and a hub vehicle configured to transport the hub energy source supply system. Further, the hub energy source supply system can comprise a hub energy source supply subsystem configured to receive an energy source. Meanwhile, the energy source supply appliance can comprise an appliance energy source supply system and an appliance vehicle configured to transport the appliance energy source supply system. Further, the appliance energy source supply system can comprise an appliance energy source supply subsystem configured to receive the energy source from the hub energy source supply subsystem and to make available the energy source received to a receiver vehicle. Other embodiments of related systems, devices, and methods also are provided.

A fuel cell system is equipped with a fuel cell and a secondary battery. This fuel cell system is equipped with a recordation unit that records a charge-discharge history of the secondary battery, a prediction unit that predicts restriction on an output of the secondary battery based on the charge-discharge history recorded by the recordation unit, and an output control unit that starts power generation by the fuel cell prior to a timing of restriction on the output of the secondary battery, when the prediction unit predicts restriction on the output of the secondary battery and the fuel cell is in an intermittent operation state.

A fuel cell system is equipped with a fuel cell and a secondary battery. This fuel cell system is equipped with a recordation unit that records a charge-discharge history of the secondary battery, a prediction unit that predicts restriction on an output of the secondary battery based on the charge-discharge history recorded by the recordation unit, and an output control unit that starts power generation by the fuel cell prior to a timing of restriction on the output of the secondary battery, when the prediction unit predicts restriction on the output of the secondary battery and the fuel cell is in an intermittent operation state.

Parasitic reactions, such as evolution of hydrogen at the negative electrode, can occur under the operating conditions of flow batteries and other electrochemical systems. Such parasitic reactions can undesirably impact operating performance by altering the pH and/or state of charge of one or both electrolyte solutions in a flow battery. Electrochemical balancing cells can allow adjustment of electrolyte solutions to take place. Electrochemical balancing cells suitable for placement in fluid communication with both electrolyte solutions of a flow battery can include: a first chamber containing a first electrode, a second chamber containing a second electrode, a third chamber disposed between the first chamber and the second chamber, a cation-selective membrane forming a first interface between the first chamber and the third chamber, and a bipolar membrane, a cation-selective membrane, or a membrane electrode assembly forming a second interface between the second chamber and the third chamber.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for a hydrogen-powered hybrid electric powertrain and the associated hydro-electro-aero-thermal management system (HEATMS).