A glucose fuel cell for reception into a given constrained volume of implantation in a vertebrate in which the glucose fuel cell has access to fluid containing glucose. The fuel cell includes an anode adapted to oxidize the glucose, a cathode adapted to reduce an oxidant, and a membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode and separating the anode from the cathode. At least one of the anode or cathode define a flexible sheet that is geometrically deformed to be receivable into the given constrained volume of implantation and increase volumetric power density. Related methods of making a glucose fuel cell of this type and implantable assemblies including the glucose fuel cell are also disclosed.

A chemical composition includes graphene oxide covalently bonded to an ionic liquid. A nanocomposite anion exchange membrane (26) includes graphene oxide; and an ionic liquid covalently bonded to the graphene oxide. A fuel cell (20) includes an anode (22); a cathode (24); and a nanocomposite anion exchange membrane (26) including graphene oxide; an ionic liquid covalently bonded to the graphene oxide; and a base membrane. A method of fabricating a nanocomposite anion exchange membrane (26) includes functionalizing graphene oxide with an ionic liquid to create a nanocomposite; and forming an anion exchange membrane (26) with the nanocomposite.

A method of cleaning power cells in an array of power cells, comprising coupling at least one first power cell to second power cells in an array of power cells and causing the second power cells to drive the at least one first power cell with a voltage to clean catalyst on the at least one first power cell.

A method of cleaning power cells in an array of power cells, comprising coupling at least one first power cell to second power cells in an array of power cells and causing the second power cells to drive the at least one first power cell with a voltage to clean catalyst on the at least one first power cell.

The description relates to fuel cells and fuel cell systems. One example includes at least one multi cell membrane electrode assembly (MCMEA). Individual MCMEAs can include multiple serially interconnected sub-cells.

The description relates to fuel cells and fuel cell systems. One example includes at least one multi cell membrane electrode assembly (MCMEA). Individual MCMEAs can include multiple serially interconnected sub-cells.

A fuel cell disclosed herein may comprise: a substrate provided with a recess through which fuel gas passes; an electrolyte membrane covering an opening of the recess; an insulating film covering one surface of the electrolyte membrane and having a through hole reaching the electrolyte membrane; a first electrode in contact with the one surface of the electrolyte membrane in the through hole; a second electrode in contact with the other surface of the electrolyte membrane; and a heater disposed in the insulating film at a position adjacent to the through hole.

A fuel cell disclosed herein may comprise: a substrate provided with a recess through which fuel gas passes; an electrolyte membrane covering an opening of the recess; an insulating film covering one surface of the electrolyte membrane and having a through hole reaching the electrolyte membrane; a first electrode in contact with the one surface of the electrolyte membrane in the through hole; a second electrode in contact with the other surface of the electrolyte membrane; and a heater disposed in the insulating film at a position adjacent to the through hole.

The present invention provides solid oxide cells such as fuel cells, electrolyzers, and sensors comprising an electrolyte having an interface between an yttria-stabilized zirconia material and a glass material, in some embodiments. Other embodiments add an interface between a platinum oxide material and the yttria-stabilized zirconia material in the electrolyte. Further embodiments of solid oxide cells have an ion-conducting species such as an ionic liquid or inorganic salt in contact with at least one electrode of the cell. Certain embodiments provide room temperature operation of solid oxide cells.

The present invention provides solid oxide cells such as fuel cells, electrolyzers, and sensors comprising an electrolyte having an interface between an yttria-stabilized zirconia material and a glass material, in some embodiments. Other embodiments add an interface between a platinum oxide material and the yttria-stabilized zirconia material in the electrolyte. Further embodiments of solid oxide cells have an ion-conducting species such as an ionic liquid or inorganic salt in contact with at least one electrode of the cell. Certain embodiments provide room temperature operation of solid oxide cells.