Provided is a metal negative electrode used for a secondary battery. The metal negative electrode includes an active material portion, a current collector, and a non-electronically conductive reaction space divider. The active material portion forms metal during charging and forms an oxidation product of the metal during discharging. The metal is used as a negative-electrode active material. The current collector is electrically connected to the active material portion. The non-electronically conductive reaction space divider is integrally formed with or connected to the current collector and/or the active material portion. The reaction space divider has a plurality of electrolyte holder portions configured to hold a liquid electrolyte.

Particularly, there is provided a liquid detection sensor in which a liquid contact area is formed integrally with a separator, and that improves detection accuracy with a small number of parts. A liquid detection sensor (1) according to the present invention includes a metal-air battery (2) formed by laminating a negative electrode sheet (3), a positive electrode sheet (5) and a separator (4) interposed between the negative electrode sheet (3) and the positive electrode sheet (5), and the separator (4) is formed wider than an area in which the positive electrode sheet (5) and the negative electrode sheet (3) overlap with the separator (4) interposed therebetween, and includes a liquid contact area (4′) exposed from at least one of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.

Particularly, there is provided a liquid detection sensor in which a liquid contact area is formed integrally with a separator, and that improves detection accuracy with a small number of parts. A liquid detection sensor (1) according to the present invention includes a metal-air battery (2) formed by laminating a negative electrode sheet (3), a positive electrode sheet (5) and a separator (4) interposed between the negative electrode sheet (3) and the positive electrode sheet (5), and the separator (4) is formed wider than an area in which the positive electrode sheet (5) and the negative electrode sheet (3) overlap with the separator (4) interposed therebetween, and includes a liquid contact area (4′) exposed from at least one of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.

The sheet mask includes multiple battery parts arranged such that electric currents flow along mimic muscles or flows of lymph. This allows an active ingredient to penetrate into in-body tissues more effectively and also allows the mimic muscles and the lymphatic vessels to be electrically stimulated. Forming the battery parts by using materials with low environmental load allows easy disposal of the sheet mask in everyday life.

The sheet mask includes multiple battery parts arranged such that electric currents flow along mimic muscles or flows of lymph. This allows an active ingredient to penetrate into in-body tissues more effectively and also allows the mimic muscles and the lymphatic vessels to be electrically stimulated. Forming the battery parts by using materials with low environmental load allows easy disposal of the sheet mask in everyday life.

Disclosed are an electrode having a three-dimensional structure, the electrode including: a porous nonwoven web including a plurality of polymer fibers that form an interconnected porous network; an active material composite positioned among the polymer fibers and including active material particles and a first conductive material; and a second conductive material positioned on an outer surface of the active material composite, wherein the interconnected porous network is filled homogeneously with the active material composite and the second conductive material to form a super lattice structure, and an electrochemical device including the electrode having a three-dimensional structure.

Powders, electrodes, zinc-air batteries and corresponding methods are provided. Powders comprise perforated shells having a size of at least 100 nm and comprising openings smaller than 10 nm. The shells are electrically conductive and/or comprise an electrically conductive coating. Powders further comprise zinc and/or zinc oxide which resides at least partially within the shells. Methods comprise wetting the shells with a zinc solution to yield at least partial penetration of the zinc solution through the openings, and coating zinc internally in the shells by application of electric current to the shells. Upon electrode preparation from the powder, cell construction and cell operation, zinc is oxidized to provide energy and the shells retain formed Zn O therewith, providing sufficient volume for the associated expansion and maintaining thereby the mechanical stability and structure of the electrode—to enable many operation cycles of the rechargeable zinc-air batteries.

A tilt sensor includes a notification unit adapted to provide notification about occurrence of tilt; a water storage chamber that contains an electrolytic solution; and a unit cell that includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator placed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. When the water storage chamber tilts, the electrolytic solution is injected into the separator and the unit cell starts generating power and supplies electric power needed to drive the notification unit.

An anode architecture includes: an active metal anode having a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface, and an oxygen-barrier protection film surrounding the second surface of the active metal anode.

An anode architecture includes: an active metal anode having a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface, and an oxygen-barrier protection film surrounding the second surface of the active metal anode.