A solid ionic conducting material for use in an electrochemical device comprises an oxyhydroxide or hydrated oxide derived from of an oxide with a perovskite, Brownmillerite, layered oxide, and/or K.sub.4CdCl.sub.6 structure, the elemental composition of the initial oxide being selected to provide suitable conduction properties for the derived anhydrous or hydrated oxyhydroxide or hydrated oxide. A method of making such a solid ionic conducting material, including treatment with water, and an electrochemical device incorporating such a solid ionic conducting material (optionally as an electrolyte) are also disclosed.

An electrolyte additive is provided. The additive is a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salt effective to suppress hydrogen evolution and metal dendrite formation during operation of a zinc electrochemical cell such as a zinc-air battery. A zinc battery cell is also provided, which contains an effective amount of the electrolyte additive.

An electrolyte additive is provided. The additive is a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salt effective to suppress hydrogen evolution and metal dendrite formation during operation of a zinc electrochemical cell such as a zinc-air battery. A zinc battery cell is also provided, which contains an effective amount of the electrolyte additive.

This metal-air battery module includes a metal-air battery cell, a plate member, and a pair of fixing members. The metal-air battery cell has a resin film provided with an opening, and a water-repellent film which is arranged and welded so as to cover the opening. The plate member is arranged facing the surface of the metal-air battery cell that is provided with the opening. The metal-air battery cell and the plate member are fixed by the pair of fixing members at a surface end in a surface direction, which is a direction along a surface in which both components face each other, the pair of fixing members being opposingly arranged so as to sandwich both components in the surface direction.

A metal-air battery includes an anode layer including a metal, a cathode layer including an electrically conductive metal oxide, a solid electrolyte layer between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and a bonding layer including a metal, where the bonding layer is disposed between the cathode layer and the solid electrolyte layer.

A three-dimensional electrode array for use in electrochemical cells, fuel cells, capacitors, supercapacitors, flow batteries, metal-air batteries and semi-solid batteries.

An electrochemical device includes an air cathode; a lithium-containing anode metal; a porous separator; and a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a lithium salt, a sodium salt, and a solvent; wherein the electrochemical device is a lithium-air battery. A total concentration of the lithium salt and the sodium salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte may be from about 0.001 M to about 7 M.

A battery performance of a metal-air battery is improved while still maintaining a low environmental burden. A metal-air battery includes an air electrode formed from a co-continuous substance having a three-dimensional network structure in which a plurality of nanostructures are integrated by noncovalent bonds; an anode; and an electrolyte disposed between the air electrode and the anode, in which the electrolyte is a gel electrolyte obtained by gelling an aqueous solution containing an ion conductor with a gelling agent, and the gelling agent is constituted of at least one of a plant-derived polysaccharide, a seaweed-derived polysaccharide, a microbial polysaccharide, an animal-derived polysaccharide, and a group of acetic acid bacteria that produce the polysaccharides.

A battery performance of a metal-air battery is improved while still maintaining a low environmental burden. A metal-air battery includes an air electrode formed from a co-continuous substance having a three-dimensional network structure in which a plurality of nanostructures are integrated by noncovalent bonds; an anode; and an electrolyte disposed between the air electrode and the anode, in which the electrolyte is a gel electrolyte obtained by gelling an aqueous solution containing an ion conductor with a gelling agent, and the gelling agent is constituted of at least one of a plant-derived polysaccharide, a seaweed-derived polysaccharide, a microbial polysaccharide, an animal-derived polysaccharide, and a group of acetic acid bacteria that produce the polysaccharides.

This invention provides systems and methods for treating electrodes used in batteries and electrochemical cells upon battery/cell shutdown and prior to battery standby mode. Systems and methods of this invention are directed toward the use of aerosol to treat the electrode and to protect the electrode and/or the environment from undesired reactions.