Provided are an easy-to-handle primary battery capable of spontaneous power generation and a moisture sensor including the same. The primary battery includes a separator that is disposed between a negative electrode and negative electrode current collector (a negative electrode) and a positive electrode and positive electrode current collector (a positive electrode), and sucks up electrolyte solution by the capillary phenomenon with an exposed portion of the separator 5 exposed from battery casings.

State-of-the-art flow batteries suffer from drawbacks such as congestion of their electrodes, defects in liquid tightness, or shunt currents, all of which may lead to efficiency drop. Solution The problem is solved by a flow battery comprising multi-chambered ducts (100) mutually plugged together, each duct containing an integrated air electrode (111) and partition walls being partly ion-permeably perforated and partly impermeable, and nonconducting joining elements with integrated passages, the joining elements plugged bilaterally onto the ducts (100).

Provided is a sheet-type cell with excellent reliability. The sheet-type cell of the present invention includes power generation elements, including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte solution, and a sheet-type outer case made of a resin film in which the power generation elements are contained. The electrolyte solution is an aqueous electrolyte solution. The resin film has an electrically insulating moisture barrier layer. The sheet-type cell is a primary cell. The moisture barrier layer of the resin film is preferably composed of at least an inorganic oxide. The pH of the electrolyte solution is preferably 3 or more and less than 12.

Provided herein are energy storage devices. In some cases, the energy storage devices are capable of being transported on a vehicle and storing a large amount of energy. An energy storage device is provided comprising at least one liquid metal electrode, an energy storage capacity of at least about 1 MWh and a response time less than or equal to about 100 milliseconds (ms).

An accumulator comprising an outer insulating case configured for accommodating an electrolyte internally to which there is contained, in addition to said electrolyte, an inner block characterized in that said inner block has a geometrical structure formed of a plurality of hollow cells communicating with each other to form a alveolar structure, every hollow cell comprising a wall wherein at least one hole is derived configured in such a way as to put the volume internal to said hole in communication with the volume external thereto, in that said block is formed of an alternation of conductive material regions and insulating material regions integral and alternating with each other to form electrodes and separators, and in that said geometrical structure formed of a plurality of hollow cells communicating with each other is uninterrupted in correspondence with the separation surfaces between said conductive material regions and said insulating material regions.

A packaging material for a solid-state battery including a sulfide-based solid electrolyte is provided. The packaging material includes at least a substrate layer, a barrier layer, and a sealant layer in this order. The sealant layer includes an ionomer.

A method for renovation of a consumed anode in a metal-air cell without dismantling the cell according to embodiments of the present invention comprising circulating electrolyte through the cell to evacuate used slurry from the cell, circulating electrolyte with fresh slurry into the cell and allowing sedimentation of the fresh slurry inside the cell to form an anode and compacting the slurry to reduce the gaps between its particles. A meta-air cell enabling renovation of a consumed anode without dismantling the cell defining first outer face of the cell, air cathode layer adjacent the porous wall, separator wall disposed on the inner face of the air cathode layer, cell space volume to contain electrolyte and metal granules slurry, current collector layer to form an anode, made of current conductive material disposed in the space and flexible wall defining a second outer face of the cell wherein the flexible wall is adapted to be pushed towards inside of the cell subject to pressure applied to its outer face, thereby to reduce the volume of the space.

A metal seawater fuel cell includes a single cell or a battery pack which is composed of more than two single cells connected in series or in parallel or in series and parallel through circuits. The single cell has a metal anode arranged oppositely in a sealed single cell housing, a cathode carrying a hydrogen evolution catalyst, and a diaphragm arranged between the metal anode and the cathode, the bottom and the top of the single cell housing are respectively provided with fluid flow channels, and both ends of the fluid flow channels are respectively provided with openings communicated with the interior and exterior of the housing. The metal anode and/or single cell housing is placed in a closed transitional housing. The transitional housing is a degradable material or can be mechanically damaged by a driving device driven and started by a control device.

Provided herein are energy storage devices. In some cases, the energy storage devices are capable of being transported on a vehicle and storing a large amount of energy. An energy storage device is provided comprising at least one liquid metal electrode, an energy storage capacity of at least about 1 MWh and a response time less than or equal to about 100 milliseconds (ms).

Provided herein are energy storage devices. In some cases, the energy storage devices are capable of being transported on a vehicle and storing a large amount of energy. An energy storage device is provided comprising at least one liquid metal electrode, an energy storage capacity of at least about 1 MWh and a response time less than or equal to about 100 milliseconds (ms).