A fuel cell system 2 is provided with: a contaminated exhaust gas line for supplying a contaminated exhaust gas containing a contaminant discharged from a facility; and a contaminated exhaust gas purification part for purifying the contaminated exhaust gas supplied from the contaminated exhaust gas line by using heat of reaction of a fuel cell.

An energy storage system includes: a reformer configured to receive natural gas and steam and to output reformed natural gas; a combustion turbine configured to output heated sweep gas; and a molten carbonate electrolyzer cell (“MCEC”) including: an MCEC anode, and an MCEC cathode configured to receive the heated sweep gas from the combustion turbine. The energy storage system is configured such that: when no excess power is available, the combustion turbine receives the reformed natural gas from the reformer, and when excess power is available, the MCEC operates in a hydrogen-generation mode in which the MCEC anode receives the reformed natural gas from the reformer, and outputs MCEC anode exhaust that contains hydrogen.

A fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell including a fuel electrode and an air electrode; a fuel electrode fuel line configured to supply fuel gas to the fuel electrode; a polluted exhaust line configured to supply polluted exhaust containing contaminants discharged from a facility to the air electrode; and an air electrode fuel line configured to supply fuel gas to the air electrode.

Provided are an electrochemical element and the like that have both durability and high performance as well as excellent reliability. The electrochemical element includes a metal support, and an electrode layer formed on/over the metal support. The metal support is made of any one of a Fe—Cr based alloy that contains Ti in an amount of 0.15 mass % or more and 1.0 mass % or less, a Fe—Cr based alloy that contains Zr in an amount of 0.15 mass % or more and 1.0 mass % or less, and a Fe—Cr based alloy that contains Ti and Zr, a total content of Ti and Zr being 0.15 mass % or more and 1.0 mass % or less.

An energy storage system includes: a combustion turbine configured to output heated sweep gas; a reformer configured to receive natural gas and steam and to output reformed natural gas; a molten carbonate electrolyzer cell (“MCEC”) comprising an MCEC anode and an MCEC cathode, wherein the MCEC is configured to operate in a hydrogen-generation mode in which: the MCEC anode receives the reformed natural gas from the reformer, and outputs MCEC anode exhaust that contains hydrogen, and the MCEC cathode is configured to receive heated sweep gas from the combustion turbine, and to output MCEC cathode exhaust; and a storage tank configured to receive the MCEC anode exhaust that contains hydrogen.

Provided are a low-cost electrochemical device and the like that have both durability and high performance as well as excellent reliability. The electrochemical device includes at least one metal material, and the metal material is made of a Fe—Cr alloy that contains Ti in an amount of more than 0.10 mass % and 1.0 mass % or less.

A fuel cell system (200) and a method (900) for controlling temperature of a heat transfer fluid in a fuel cell system (200). The system (200) comprising at least one fuel cell stack (205) comprising at least one fuel cell, and having an anode inlet, an anode off-gas outlet for flow of anode off-gas. The system (200) further comprising a first heat exchanger (215) coupled to receive the anode off-gas which has been output form the anode off-gas outlet, the first heat exchanger (215) configured to exchange heat between the anode off-gas and a heat transfer fluid to cool the anode off-gas and heat the heat transfer fluid. The system (200) further comprising a second heat exchanger (230) that is configured to provide heat to the heat transfer fluid and a heat removal region (235) that is configured to remove heat from the heat transfer fluid. The system (200) further comprising a pump (240) configured to pump the heat transfer fluid around a fluid circuit (225) in a flow direction of: heat removal region (235) where thermal energy is removed, second heat exchanger (230) where thermal energy is added, first heat exchanger (215) where thermal energy is added. The method (900) comprises controlling (920, 945) the pump speed and controlling (925, 940) a mass flow rate of a medium to control the rate of heat removal in the heat removal region (235).

An energy management system having a fuel cell apparatus (150) as a power generator that generates power using fuel, and an EMS (200) that communicates with the fuel cell apparatus (150). The EMS (200) receives messages that indicate the status of the fuel cell apparatus (150) when normal operation, from the fuel cell apparatus (150).

Various designs and configurations of and methods of operating fuel cell units, fuel cell systems and combined heat and power systems are provided that permit efficient thermal management of such units and systems to improve their operation.

A carbon dioxide recovery system for collecting carbon dioxide from an exhaust gas generated in a facility including a combustion device includes: a first exhaust gas passage through which the exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide flows; a fuel cell including an anode, a cathode disposed on the first exhaust gas passage so that the exhaust gas from the first exhaust gas passage is supplied to the cathode, and an electrolyte transferring, from the cathode to the anode, a carbonate ion derived from carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas from the first exhaust gas passage; and a second exhaust gas passage diverging from the first exhaust gas passage upstream of the cathode so as to bypass the cathode. A part of the exhaust gas is introduced to the second exhaust gas passage.