A multi-section electrode for lithium batteries, wherein the multi-section electrode includes a plurality of sections, each section of the plurality of sections divided into a major part and a minor part. The major part can have a larger path to the current collector compared to the minor part which results in faster charging and discharging of the major part in comparison with the minor section, wherein the minor section can retain a charge for longer duration and help reduce electrode fatigue and breakdown.

A device such as, for example, an energy storage device or a micro-resistor, is disclosed which includes a silicon based electrode in which decreased interfacial resistance/impedance throughout the charge-mobile region of the device is provided. The decreased interfacial resistance/impedance is provided by forming an interfacial additive composite layer composed of a molten lithium containing salt layer and a layer of a Li-salt containing conductive polymeric adhesive material between the silicon based electrode and a solid polymer electrolyte layer. The presence of such an interfacial additive composite layer increases the ion and electron mobile dependent performances at the silicon based electrode interface due to significant decrease in the resistance/impedance that is observed at the respective interface as well as the impedance observed in the bulk of the device.

A composite proton-conducting membrane comprising an inorganic polymer whose pores are filled with an organic polymer, wherein both the inorganic polymer and the organic polymer are proton conductors and wherein said composite proton-conducting membrane can operate in the absence of solvents, such as water.

An electrolyte for a secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an electrolyte includes a first electrolyte solution represented by Formula 1 and a second electrolyte solution represented by Formula 2

M.sup.1N.sup.1X.sup.1-n(SO.sub.2)  [Formula 1]

M.sup.2N.sup.2X.sup.2-m(SO.sub.2)  [Formula 2]

wherein M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 are different from each other and each independently an alkali metal, N.sup.1 and N.sup.2 are each independently at least one metal selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, a transition metal, and a post-transition metal, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each independently a halogen element, and n and m are each independently an integer of 1 to 4.

Provided are an electrode binder composition that provides an electrode that exhibits high durability even when an active material that shows a large volume change is used, an electrode coating liquid composition containing the electrode binder composition, a power storage device electrode including an electrode mixture layer containing a solid of the electrode coating liquid composition, and a power storage device including the power storage device electrode. An electrode binder composition includes (A) a polyurethane, (B) a fibrous nanocarbon material having an average fiber length of 0.5 μm or more, and (C) water. The polyurethane is obtained by reacting together (a) a polyisocyanate, (b) a polyol, (c) a compound having one or more active hydrogen groups and a hydrophilic group, and (d) a chain extender. (b) contains an olefinic polyol having 1.5 or more active hydrogen groups and/or a carbonate diol having less than 6 carbon atoms between carbonate bond chains.

A lithium secondary battery including a cathode; an anode; and an electrolyte disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein the cathode includes a cathode active material represented by Formula 1, the electrolyte includes a lithium salt; a non-aqueous solvent; and a monofluorosilane compound represented by Formula 2, wherein an amount of the monofluorosilane compound is in a range of about 0.1 percent by weight (wt %) to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the electrolyte ##STR00001## wherein, in Formula 1, 0.9≤x≤1.2, 0.85<y≤0.95, and 0≤z<0.2; M is aluminum, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, iron, chromium, vanadium, titanium, copper, boron, calcium, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, strontium, antimony, tungsten, bismuth, or a combination thereof; A is an element having an oxidation number of −1 or −2, and R.sub.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched C.sub.2-C.sub.30 alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group.

An all-inorganic electrolyte formulation for use in a lithium-ion battery system comprising at least one of each a phosphoranimine, a phosphazene, a monomeric organophosphate and a supporting lithium salt. The electrolyte preferably has a melting point below 0° C., and a vapor pressure of combustible components at 60.6° C. sufficiently low to not produce a combustible mixture in air, e.g., less than 40 mmHg at 30° C. The phosphoranimine, phosphazene, and monomeric phosphorus compound preferably do not have any direct halogen-phosphorus bonds. A solid electrolyte interface layer formed by the electrolyte with an electrode is preferably thermally stable ≥80° C.

An anodeless lithium metal battery includes: a cathode including a cathode current collector and a cathode active material layer on the cathode current collector; an anode current collector on the cathode; a composite electrolyte between the cathode and the anode current collector, wherein the composite electrolyte, wherein the composite electrolyte includes a first liquid electrolyte and a metal comprising at least one of a lithium metal and a lithium metal alloy; and a liquid-impermeable ion-conductive composite membrane between the cathode and the composite electrolyte.

The solid electrolyte of the present disclosure includes at least one compound selected from a group including (A) a compound in which a part of Li atom in Li.sub.3PS.sub.4 is substituted with a polyvalent atom (provided that Mg is excluded); (B) a compound in which a part of Li atom in Li.sub.6PS.sub.5X (X: Cl, Br or I) is substituted with a polyvalent atom; and (C) a compound in which a part of Li atom in Li.sub.7P.sub.3S.sub.11 is substituted with a polyvalent atom.

An anodeless lithium metal battery includes: a cathode including a cathode current collector and a cathode active material layer on the cathode current collector; an anode current collector on the cathode; and a composite electrolyte between the cathode and the anode current collector, wherein the composite electrolyte includes a first liquid electrolyte and at least one of lithium metal or a lithium metal alloy.