A composite electrolyte including a lithium salt; a solid electrolyte wherein the solid electrolyte is a sulfide solid electrolyte, an oxide solid electrolyte, or a combination thereof; and an ionic liquid, wherein a mixture of the ionic liquid and the lithium salt has a dielectric constant of from about 4 to about 12, and an amount of halogen ions eluted from the composite electrolyte after immersion of the solid electrolyte in the ionic liquid for 24 hours is less than about 25 parts per million by weight, based on the total weight of the composite electrolyte, as measured by ion chromatography.

A composite membrane includes: an organic layer including a plurality of through holes; and ion conductive inorganic particles disposed in the plurality of through holes, wherein the ion conductive inorganic particles each include at least one recess, at least one protrusion, or a combination thereof on a surface thereof, and wherein the surface of the ion conductive inorganic particles which comprises the at least one recess, the at least one protrusion, or the combination thereof faces a surface of the organic layer.

There is provided an air battery including a first housings accommodating a base cell including a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and a second housing containing an electrolyte solution or water, in which the first housing and the negative electrode each have a hole leading to the separator, the second housing has a hole that is capable of being sealed, and the first housing and the second housing are disposed to face the hole of the first housing and the hole of the second housing each other.

A solid electrolyte three-electrode electrochemical test device comprises a housing, a working electrode, a counter electrode, a reference electrode, a first conductive structure, a second conductive structure, a third conductive structure, and a solid electrolyte layer. The housing comprises a groove and a first through hole located at a bottom of the groove. The reference electrode is insulated from the counter electrode. The first conductive structure and the working electrode are stacked with each other, and the working electrode and at least a part of the first conductive structure are located in the first through hole. The solid electrolyte layer, the counter electrode, the reference electrode, the second conductive structure and the third conductive structure are located in the groove, and the first conductive structure, the working electrode, the solid electrolyte layer, the counter electrode, and the second conductive structure are sequentially stacked and located coaxially with each other.

An all-solid-state battery, wherein on a first side surface of an all-solid-state battery laminate, a first electrode current collector layer includes a first electrode current collector protruding part, which protrudes in a surface direction, and a second electrode current collector layer includes a second electrode current collector protruding part, which protrudes in a surface direction, a surface direction area of a second electrode-solid electrolyte laminate is larger than a surface direction area of a first electrode laminate, the first electrode laminate is laminated on the inside of the second electrode-solid electrolyte laminate when viewed from the lamination direction, and on the first side surface, an edge of the second electrode-solid electrolyte laminate in the surface direction is at least partially covered with a resin layer so that the first electrode current collector protruding part does not directly contact the edge in the surface direction of the second electrode-solid electrolyte laminate.

Provided is a battery pack having excellent energy density and durability. A battery pack 100 includes solid-state battery modules 102 each configured such that a plurality of solid-state battery cells containing a solid electrolyte is stacked and electrolytic solution-based battery modules 32 each configured such that a plurality of electrolytic solution-based battery cells containing an electrolytic solution is stacked, the solid-state battery modules 102 and the electrolytic solution-based battery modules 32 being combined and housed in the pack. The solid-state battery modules 102 are arranged to surround the electrolytic solution-based battery modules 32.

A metal air battery apparatus includes: a metal air cell including a cathode layer including pores, an anode layer facing the cathode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer between the cathode layer and the anode layer; and a controller configured to control at least one of a charge rate or a discharge rate of the metal air cell based on a porosity of the cathode layer.

A main object of the present disclosure is to provide an all solid state battery with capacity durability. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing an all solid state battery including a cathode layer, an anode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer arranged between the cathode layer and the anode layer, wherein the anode layer contains a granulated body including a Si-based active material and a molten salt, which is in a solid state at 25° C.

The present disclosure provides a method for forming a layered anode material. The method includes contacting a precursor material and a first electrolyte. The precursor material is a layered ionic compound represented by MX.sub.2, where M is one of calcium and magnesium and X is one of silicon, germanium, and boron. The method further includes applying a first bias and/or current as the precursor material contacts the first electrolyte so as to remove cations from the precursor material to create a two-dimensional structure that defines the layered anode material. In certain variations, the method further include contacting the two-dimensional structure and a second electrolyte, and applying a second bias and/or current as the two-dimensional structure contacts the second electrolyte so as to cause lithium ions to move into interlayer spaces or voids created in the two-dimensional structure by the removal of the cations thereby forming the layered anode material.

Provide is a solid-state battery capable of reducing the lamination space factor of a solid electrolyte and reducing electrical resistivity. A solid-state battery includes: a laminate including a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate that are alternately laminated; and a solid electrolyte layer formed on at least one of a lamination surface of the positive electrode plate and a lamination surface of the negative electrode plate.