A waveguide assembly which includes an elongated waveguide element (1) and a connector body (2). The connector body (2) is connected to an end of the elongated waveguide element (1) and has a substantially planar bottom surface (24) and an opposing top surface (23). The connector body is made from a single piece of partially metallized dielectric. The connector body has a waveguide coupling element (21) adjacent to the elongated waveguide element (1). The connector body further has an arrangement of electromagnetic band gap elements (27) adjacent to the waveguide coupling element (21).

The invention relates to an improved electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure. The invention also relates to an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) component for use in an EBG structure according to the invention. The invention further relates to an antenna device comprising at least one EBG structure according to the invention.

According to an aspect, there is provided a method of operating a first radio access node in a communication network, the method comprising determining (601) whether a first base key that is used to determine a first encryption key for encrypting communications between a communication device and the first radio access node can be used by a second radio access node for determining a second encryption key for encrypting communications between the communication device and the second radio access node; and if the first base key can be used by the second radio access node, sending (603) the first base key to the second radio access node during handover of the communication device from the first radio access node to the second radio access node.

A re-configurable magnetoinductive waveguide (300), comprising a plurality of resonator cells, wherein each resonator cell comprises a primary resonator (110) that is inductively coupled to a primary resonator (110) of at least one other resonator cell, and wherein at least one of the plurality of resonator cells is a controllable cell (100) which further comprises a control element (120), the control element (120) having an active control component (125) that is operable to adjust the impedance of the primary resonator (110) of the controllable cell (100) in response to a control signal; wherein: the control element (120) comprises a secondary resonator, the secondary resonator is inductively coupled to the primary resonator (110), and the active control component (125) is arranged to vary the electrical properties of the secondary resonator in response to the control signal.

A package structure comprising a die, a first molding compound encapsulating the die, an antenna structure and a reflector pattern disposed above the die is provided. Through vias penetrating through the first molding compound are disposed around the die. The reflector pattern is disposed on the die and the through vias. The antenna structure is disposed on the reflector pattern and electrically connected with the reflector pattern and the die. The antenna structure is wrapped by a second molding compound disposed on the reflector pattern.

Metamaterial waveguides and shielded bridges are employed to improve the scalability and routing of quantum computing circuits. A metamaterial waveguide includes a signal conductor that has a periodic array of lumped element resonators distributed along and electrically coupled to a signal conductor. The periodic array of lumped element resonator pairs defines a bandgap within an operating bandwidth of the waveguide. Qubits can communicate within the operating bandwidth of the waveguide and communications via the waveguide can be controlled by changing a center frequency of the qubits. A shielded bridge is used to cross over high frequency communications and control CPW's in a quantum computing circuit. The shielded bridge includes a signal bridge that is elevated and extends over a separate CPW, and a ground bridge positioned between the signal bridge and the separate CPW.

An epsilon-and-mu-near-zero (EMNZ) metamaterial. The EMNZ metamaterial includes a waveguide. A length l of the waveguide satisfies a length condition according to l0.1, where is an operating wavelength of the EMNZ metamaterial. The EMNZ metamaterial further includes a magneto-dielectric material deposited on a lower wall of the waveguide. The waveguide includes an impedance surface placed on the magneto-dielectric material.

A terahertz (THz) waveguide and method for production allows for THz waveguides to be used in or on a printed circuit board (PCB) such that the propagation of THz waves require less power, result in less signal loss due to radiation or dispersion, and propagate more efficiently. Additionally, the position and/or geometry of a waveguide, as well as any additional antenna or coupling element, may be adjusted on or in the PCB such that the electromagnetic field of the waveguide may more efficiently couple with the electromagnetic field of the PCB.

The present disclosure relates to a filter for filtering wavelengths of an electromagnetic signal to provide a filtered signal. The filter includes: at least one commensurate-line structure (CLS); and, at least one stub-modified commensurate-line structure (SMCLS) arranged to provide a corresponding at least one transmission zero in the filtered signal.

A communication device includes a ground plane, an antenna array, and an EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap) structure. The antenna array includes a plurality of antenna elements. The EBG structure includes a plurality of EBG units. The EBG units are coupled to the ground plane. The antenna array is surrounded by the EBG structure. The EBG structure is configured to suppress the front-to-back ratio of the radiation efficiency of the antenna array.