Systems and devices for connecting a plurality of pipes secured end-to-end are disclosed. A system of the disclosure includes a plurality of pipes connected end-to-end forming a pipe string. Each pipe of the plurality of pipes includes an exterior wall, an interior surface, and an internal protective coating. A first connection end of a first pipe includes a hollow flexible sleeve disposed on the interior surface of a first pipe. A second connection end of a second pipe is configured to receive the hollow flexible sleeve of the first pipe therein. When the first connection end is connected to the second connection end, the hollow flexible sleeve contacts the internal protective coating of the second pipe.

A waveguide and a communication system including the waveguide are described. The waveguide is configured to propagate an electromagnetic wave having an operating frequency along the waveguide. The waveguide includes a substrate having a first dielectric constant, and an array of spaced apart unit cells at least partially embedded in the substrate and arranged along the waveguide. Each of a plurality of the unit cells in the array of spaced apart unit cells has a first transmission parameter S.sub.121 having a lowest resonant frequency Γ1 and includes a dielectric body and one or more electrically conductive layers disposed on and partially covering the dielectric body. The dielectric body has a second dielectric constant greater than the first dielectric constant at the operating frequency and has a second transmission parameter S.sub.221 having a lowest resonant frequency Γ2 greater than Γ1.

In some embodiments, a molecular clock includes a waveguide gas cell containing gas molecules having a rotational spectral line with a first frequency a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) to generate a clock signal, a transmitter referenced to the clock signal to generate a probing signal for transmission through the waveguide gas cell, and a receiver to receive the probing signal transmitted through the waveguide gas cell and interacting with gas molecules. The receiver can include a filter circuit configured to filter out even harmonic components from the received signal and can further include a lock-in detector to generate an error signal indicating an offset between the first frequency and the second frequency. The error signal is fed back to control generation of the VCO clock signal.

A system includes a network of a plurality of sensing/control/identification devices distributed throughout a machine, each of the sensing/control/identification devices associated with at least one sub-system component of the machine and operable to communicate through a plurality of electromagnetic signals. Shielding surrounds at least one of the sensing/control/identification devices to contain the electromagnetic signals proximate to the at least one sub-system component. A communication path is integrally formed in a component of the machine to route a portion of the electromagnetic signals through the component and a remote processing unit operable to communicate with the network of the sensing/control/identification devices through the electromagnetic signals, wherein at least a portion of the sensing/control/identification devices comprise a wide band gap semiconductor device and wherein at least a portion of the sensing/control/identification devices comprise an on-chip antenna.

Embodiments of the invention include a dispersion reduced dielectric waveguide and methods of forming such devices. In an embodiment, the dispersion reduced dielectric waveguide may include a first dielectric material that has a first Dk-value, and a second dielectric material that has a second Dk-value that is greater than the first Dk-value. In an embodiment, the dispersion reduced dielectric waveguide may also include a conductive layer formed around the first and second dielectric materials. According to an embodiment, a first portion of a bandwidth of a signal that is propagated along the dispersion reduced dielectric waveguide is primarily propagated along the first dielectric material, and a second portion of a bandwidth of the signal that is propagated along the dispersion reduced dielectric waveguide is primarily propagated along the second dielectric material.

Systems, methods, and devices for a single-line transmission along a plurality of pipes secured end-to-end are disclosed. A system of the disclosure includes a plurality of pipes connected end-to-end forming a pipe string. Each pipe of the plurality of pipes includes an exterior wall, an internal protective coating, and a waveguide. The waveguide for each pipe of the plurality of pipes is connected to at least one other waveguide for at least one other pipe such that a wave path is formed that extends a length of the plurality of pipes. The system further includes a transceiver configured to transmit a signal along the wave path.

An electromagnetic waveguide including conductive material on upper lower, and side surfaces of a dielectric is disclosed. A conductive excitation member is electrically coupled to the conductive material on the upper surface of the dielectric and extends to the lower surface of the dielectric at or near an end surface of the dielectric. The conductive excitation member includes a host interface flange separated and electrically isolated from the conductive material on the lower surface of the dielectric. The conductive material on the lower surface of the dielectric can be a ground plane and the waveguide can be a surface-mountable component.

A connection structure of a waveguide includes a rod-like dielectric, and an outer conductor. A three-dimensional component includes a connection surface, an insertion hole, and a corner which forms an opening edge of the insertion hole over an entire circumference on the connection surface, the connection surface at least partially including a conductive region to which a connection enlarged portion of the outer conductor is connected, the insertion hole having conductivity over an entire circumference of an inner surface, the corner having conductivity and being conducted with the inner surface of the insertion hole. In a state where the waveguide and the three-dimensional component are connected with each other, the connection enlarged portion is electrically conducted with the inner surface of the insertion hole through electrical connection with the connection surface and the corner, and smooth connection is made at the corner.

Generally, this disclosure provides apparatus and systems for coupling waveguides to a server package with a modular connector system, as well as methods for fabricating such a connector system. Such a system may be formed with connecting waveguides that turn a desired amount, which in turn may allow a server package to send a signal through a waveguide bundle in any given direction without bending waveguides.

This microwave component (10) comprises a waveguide (12) comprising an upper layer, a lower layer, and a central layer (18) intermediate between the upper layer and the lower layer, said layers defining a zone (19) of propagation of an electromagnetic wave, the propagation zone (19) extending along a propagation axis, and comprising a cavity (32) bounded by the upper layer, the lower layer, and, laterally, by two opposite lateral edges (36) of the central layer (18). The waveguide (12) comprises at least one dielectric strip (28) placed in the propagation zone (19), the dielectric strip (28) being defined in one of the upper layer and the lower layer or being placed in the cavity (32) away from the lateral edges (36) of the cavity (32).