Provided is a waveguide including an input end configured to receive an input wave from an outside; a filtering portion configured to change a frequency range of the input wave; an output end configured to output an output wave of which a frequency range is changed from the frequency range of the input wave; and an inner wall controller configured to control a size of an inner wall of the filtering portion such that the frequency range of the input wave changes to the frequency range of the output wave.

Provided is a waveguide including an input end configured to receive an input wave from an outside; a filtering portion configured to change a frequency range of the input wave; an output end configured to output an output wave of which a frequency range is changed from the frequency range of the input wave; and an inner wall controller configured to control a size of an inner wall of the filtering portion such that the frequency range of the input wave changes to the frequency range of the output wave.

An apparatus comprises a waveguide including: an elongate waveguide core including a dielectric material, wherein the waveguide core includes at least one space arranged lengthwise along the waveguide core that is void of the dielectric material; and a conductive layer arranged around the waveguide core.

An apparatus comprises a waveguide including: an elongate waveguide core including a dielectric material, wherein the waveguide core includes at least one space arranged lengthwise along the waveguide core that is void of the dielectric material; and a conductive layer arranged around the waveguide core.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, a coupler having a controller device; and a plurality of conductive members that each have a distal end, a proximal end, and a curved shape. Each of the plurality of conductive members can have an opening through a surface thereof, and each of the plurality of conductive members can be connected to the controller device. The distal end of each of the plurality of conductive members can be farther away from an outer surface of a transmission medium than the proximal end, and a width of each of the plurality of conductive members can increase in a direction from the proximal end to the distal end. The controller device can facilitate transmission of signals via the plurality of conductive members, and the signals can induce electromagnetic waves that propagate along the transmission medium without requiring an electrical return path. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, a coupler having a controller device; and a plurality of conductive members that each have a distal end, a proximal end, and a curved shape. Each of the plurality of conductive members can have an opening through a surface thereof, and each of the plurality of conductive members can be connected to the controller device. The distal end of each of the plurality of conductive members can be farther away from an outer surface of a transmission medium than the proximal end, and a width of each of the plurality of conductive members can increase in a direction from the proximal end to the distal end. The controller device can facilitate transmission of signals via the plurality of conductive members, and the signals can induce electromagnetic waves that propagate along the transmission medium without requiring an electrical return path. Other embodiments are disclosed.

In accordance with one or more embodiments, a guided wave launcher includes a dielectric cable having an unexposed dielectric core portion that is surrounded by a dielectric cladding portion. The unexposed dielectric core portion is configured to receive a first electromagnetic wave at the end of the dielectric cable and to guide the first electromagnetic wave along the first unexposed dielectric core portion. An exposed dielectric core portion of the dielectric cable, that is not surrounded by the dielectric cladding portion, is configured to couple a portion of the first electromagnetic wave to a transmission medium in proximity to the exposed dielectric core portion, wherein the portion of the electromagnetic wave coupled to the transmission medium propagates as a second electromagnetic wave along the transmission medium without requiring an electrical return path.

In accordance with one or more embodiments, a guided wave launcher includes a dielectric cable having an unexposed dielectric core portion that is surrounded by a dielectric cladding portion. The unexposed dielectric core portion is configured to receive a first electromagnetic wave at the end of the dielectric cable and to guide the first electromagnetic wave along the first unexposed dielectric core portion. An exposed dielectric core portion of the dielectric cable, that is not surrounded by the dielectric cladding portion, is configured to couple a portion of the first electromagnetic wave to a transmission medium in proximity to the exposed dielectric core portion, wherein the portion of the electromagnetic wave coupled to the transmission medium propagates as a second electromagnetic wave along the transmission medium without requiring an electrical return path.

A particle accelerator can include a first waveguide portion and a second waveguide portion. The first waveguide portion can include a first plurality of cell portions and a first iris portion that is disposed between two of the first plurality of cell portions. The first iris portion can include a first portion of an aperture such that the aperture is configured to be disposed about a beam axis. The first waveguide portion can further include a first bonding surface. The second waveguide portion can include a second plurality of cell portions and a second iris portion that is disposed between two of the second plurality of cell portions. The second iris portion can include a second portion of the aperture. The second waveguide portion can include a second bonding surface.

A particle accelerator can include a first waveguide portion and a second waveguide portion. The first waveguide portion can include a first plurality of cell portions and a first iris portion that is disposed between two of the first plurality of cell portions. The first iris portion can include a first portion of an aperture such that the aperture is configured to be disposed about a beam axis. The first waveguide portion can further include a first bonding surface. The second waveguide portion can include a second plurality of cell portions and a second iris portion that is disposed between two of the second plurality of cell portions. The second iris portion can include a second portion of the aperture. The second waveguide portion can include a second bonding surface.