The present invention provides a compact filter with excellent characteristics. This filter has a plurality of resonators, each of which having: via electrode parts formed inside a dielectric substrate; and a first strip line that faces a first shielding conductor of a plurality of shielding conductors formed so as to surround the via electrode parts, the first strip line being connected to one end of the via electrode parts. The positions of the via electrode parts of the first resonator of the plurality of resonators, and the positions of the via electrode parts of the second resonator, which is adjacent to the first resonator, are mutually offset in a first direction (X), which is the longitudinal direction of the first strip line.

A dielectric waveguide filter includes a dielectric plate including first and second principal surfaces facing each other and a side surface connecting outer edges of the first and second principal surfaces, a first surface conductor at the first principal surface, a second surface conductor at the second principal surface, a side conductor film inside the dielectric plate and connecting the first and second surface conductors, and an internal conductor extending in a perpendicular direction to the first principal surface and electrically connected to neither the first surface conductor nor the second surface conductor. Dielectric waveguide resonant spaces are surrounded by the first surface conductor, the second surface conductor, and the side conductor film.

Deterioration is reduced in filter characteristics in a type of bandpass filter that is called a strip-line filter or a microstrip filter. A bandpass filter (filter 10) includes a ground conductor layer (12), a plurality of resonators (141 to 146) arranged in a layer spaced from the ground conductor layer (12), a first line (line 151) connected to a first-pole resonator (141) and a second line (line 152) connected to a last-pole resonator (146), wherein a direction in which the first line (line 151) is drawn out from the first-pole resonator (141) and a direction in which the second line (line 152) is drawn out from the last-pole resonator (146) are opposite to each other.

This invention reduces, in a type of bandpass filter that is called a strip-line filter or a microstrip filter, a variation in filter characteristics that can occur in a case where the design of the first line and the second line is changed. The bandpass filter (filter 10) includes a ground conductor layer, n resonators (141 to 146), and first and second lines (lines 151, 152), wherein the first and second lines (lines 151, 152) are respectively connected to a third side (side R13) of a first resonator (resonator 141) and a seventh side (side R63) of an n-th resonator, a gap (G1) is provided in an area of a fourth side (side R14) which area is close to a second resonator (resonator 142), and a gap (G6) is provided in an area of an eighth side (side R64) which area is close to an n−1-th resonator (resonator 145).

A ring resonator based T-shaped duplexer for use in communication systems, the T-shaped duplexer comprising a T-shaped microstrip duplexer body having a first rectangular-shaped body section and a second rectangular-shaped body section that extends from the first-rectangular shaped section in a perpendicular position relative to the first rectangular-shaped section, three connection ports including a first connection port disposed at an open end of the second rectangular-shaped body section, a second connection port disposed at one end of the first rectangular-shaped body section, and a third connection port disposed at another end of the first rectangular-shaped body section, and two bandpass filters, each bandpass filter comprising a ring resonator structure having a circular shape, an outer edge of the ring resonator structure being connected to the first rectangular-shaped body section of the T-shaped microstrip duplexer body, wherein each of the two bandpass filters creates an Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) window within a frequency absorption region of the bandpass filter to allow a signal to pass at a pre-tuned frequency band.

One example includes a clock distribution system. The system includes a resonator feed network comprising a plurality of resonant transmission lines that each propagate a clock signal. The system also includes at least one resonator spine. Each of the at least one resonator spine can be conductively coupled to at least one of the resonant transmission lines, such that each of the at least one resonator spine propagates the clock signal. The system further includes at least one resonator rib conductively coupled to at least one of the at least one resonator spine. Each of the at least one resonator rib can be arranged as a standing wave resonator to propagate the clock signal.

A ring resonator based T-shaped duplexer for use in communication systems, the T-shaped duplexer comprising a T-shaped microstrip duplexer body having a first rectangular-shaped body section and a second rectangular-shaped body section that extends from the first-rectangular shaped section in a perpendicular position relative to the first rectangular-shaped section, three connection ports including a first connection port disposed at an open end of the second rectangular-shaped body section, a second connection port disposed at one end of the first rectangular-shaped body section, and a third connection port disposed at another end of the first rectangular-shaped body section, and two bandpass filters, each bandpass filter comprising a ring resonator structure having a circular shape, an outer edge of the ring resonator structure being connected to the first rectangular-shaped body section of the T-shaped microstrip duplexer body, wherein each of the two bandpass filters creates an Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) window within a frequency absorption region of the bandpass filter to allow a signal to pass at a pre-tuned frequency band.

An oxide superconductor of an embodiment includes an oxide superconducting layer including at least one superconducting region containing barium (Ba), copper (Cu) and a first rare earth element, having a continuous perovskite structure, and having a size of 100 nm×100 nm×100 nm or more, and a non-superconducting region in contact with the at least one superconducting region, containing praseodymium (Pr), barium (Ba), copper (Cu),and a second. rare earth element, having a ratio of a number of atoms of the praseodymium (Pr) to a sum of a number of atoms of the second rare earth element and the number of atoms of the praseodymium (Pr) being 20% or more, having a continuous perovskite structure continuous with the continuous perovskite structure of the superconducting region, and having a size of 100 nm×100 nm×100 nm or more.

A reflective microstrip tuning circuit that operatively couples to another circuit to be tuned, in which tuning circuit receives an incident signal from the other circuit and enables adjustment of the amplitude and/or phase of the return signal reflected by the tuning circuit for use in the other circuit. The tuning circuit includes one or more cascaded couplers that divide power from the incident signal unequally among a plurality of adjustable tuning arms, in which the tuning arms may be individually adjusted to change the phase of the signal that is reflected by each arm so that both the amplitude and phase of the signal returned by the tuning circuit is adjusted to achieve the desired tuning result. The difference in the power that is divided among the tuning arms provides a progressive weighting to the adjustment effect of each tuning arm, which provides for a series of coarse through fine adjustments that enables a greater degree of resolution when tuning.

One embodiment includes a clock distribution system. The system includes at least one resonator spine that propagates a clock signal and at least one resonator rib conductively coupled to the at least one resonator spine and being arranged as a standing wave resonator. At least one of the at least one resonator rib has a thickness that varies along a length of the respective one of the at least one resonator rib. The system also includes at least one transformer-coupling line. Each of the at least one transformer-coupling line can be conductively coupled to an associated circuit and being inductively coupled to the at least one resonator rib to inductively generate a clock current corresponding to the clock signal to provide functions for the associated circuit.