A phased antenna array comprises a plurality of antennas and photodiodes arranged on a substrate. Each antenna is driven by an electrical signal output by the photodiode. The photodiodes each receive an optical signal via an optical fiber. The optical fibers conform to the sheet-like shape of the antenna array (which may be planar or curved) and optically communicate with a corresponding photodiode via a corresponding reflector, such as a ninety degree reflector. The reflectors may comprise a v-groove in a silicon substrate on which the optical fiber is positioned and a reflecting surface. Each reflector may be attached to the substrate or a ground plane positioned parallel to the substrate and the optical fiber may connect to the reflector in a direction running parallel to the phased antenna array. This optical feed network may accommodate tight spacing of the antenna elements (such as spacing less than 5 mm apart) with a thin profile.

A system that improves wireless communication between a wireless base station and a plurality of remote wireless computing user devices (UEs) based on aiming downlink wireless signals from a base station in a beam shaped waveform in a determined direction for each remote UE that is identified as allocated a time period for communication with the base station according to a schedule. The system includes different types of components may be employed to implement various functions, including an angle of arrival (AoA) detector component, a downlink protocol decoder component, and an antenna controller component. The AoA detector component may be employed to monitor one or more radio frequency (RF) wireless signals radiated by UEs that are communicating with the base station in accordance with an allocation schedule.

A planar immersion lens can include any number of features. A planar immersion lens can be configured to control a phase profile of an incident wave by modulating the incident wave with sub-wavelength structures of varying impedances. The planar immersion lens can also be directly excited, with electronics or other subwavelength sources coupled to the planar immersion lens, to generate a wave with the desired phase profile. The planar immersion lens can include a plurality of metallic elements and passive elements disposed over a substrate. The passive elements can be selected, based on both the intrinsic and mutual impedances of the elements, to shape the spatial phase profile of the incident wave within this phase range. The phase gradient can be introduced along the incident material/refractive material interface to focus the incident wave into the refractive material having wave components at or beyond the critical angle. Methods are also provided.

A THz device includes: an antenna electrode capable of transmitting and receiving a THz wave to free space; first transmission lines capable of transmitting the THz wave, the first transmission lines respectively connected to the antenna electrodes; an active element of which a main electrode is connected to each of the first transmission lines; second transmission lines capable of transmitting the THz wave, the second transmission lines connected to the first active device; pad electrodes respectively connected to the second transmission lines; and a low-pass filter with respect to the THz wave, the low-pass filter connected to the pad electrodes, wherein impedance matching of between the antenna electrode and the active element is performed by an impedance conversion of the first transmission lines. The THz device is capable of the high-efficiency matching between the active element and the antenna due to the impedance conversion effect of the transmission line.

A distributed feeding device for antenna beamforming comprises a first distributed feeding circuit comprising P inputs and N outputs, for producing a signal on each of its outputs with a phase shift which is substantially constant between two adjacent outputs, at least one frequency multiplexer connected to at least one input of the said first circuit, a number N of frequency demultiplexers each connected, by their input, to an output of the first circuit and a second distributed feeding means comprising a plurality of inputs, each connected to an output of one of the frequency demultiplexers, and a plurality of outputs, the second distributed feeding means comprising at least one second distributed feeding circuit comprising Q inputs and M outputs, for producing a signal on each output with a phase shift which is substantially constant between two adjacent outputs, the integers P, N, Q and M being equal or distinct.

An optical phased array includes a first multitude of optical transmitting/receiving elements (elements) positioned along a periphery of a first circular path. The phased array may further include a second multitude of optical elements positioned along a periphery of a second circular path concentric with the first circular path, and a third multitude of optical elements positioned along a periphery of a third circular path concentric with the first and second circular paths. The second circular path has a radius that is longer than the radius of the first circular path but shorter than the radius of the third circular. The number of the second multitude of optical elements is greater than the number of the first multitude of optical elements by N elements, and the number of the third multitude of optical elements is greater than the number of the second multitude of optical elements by M elements.

A transceiver for a phased array antenna comprises a laser light source arranged to provide an optical spectrum comprising a plurality of spaced wavelengths. The transceiver further comprises a dispersion unit arranged to introduce a delay to a plurality of spectral components of the optical spectrum associated with the spaced wavelengths. The delay is dependent on the wavelength of the spectral components of the optical spectrum. The transceiver further comprises a first optical filter configured to select a plurality of spectral components received from the dispersion unit. The transceiver further comprises a first heterodyning device configured to generate a signal for transmission by the phased array antenna by heterodyning the selected spectral components associated with different ones of the spaced wavelengths of the laser light source. The transceiver is configured to receive signals from the phased array antenna. The transceiver further comprises a modulator configured to modulate spaced wavelengths from the said laser light source with the received signals. The spaced wavelengths are associated with the spectral components used to generate the signal for transmission. The transceiver further comprises a second heterodyning device configured to heterodyne spectral components associated with different ones of the spaced wavelengths of the laser light source.

The present invention relates to a solid state switch that may be used as in optically-triggered switch in a variety of applications. In particular, the switch may allow for the reduction of gigawatt systems to approximately shoebox-size dimension. The optically-triggered switches may be included in laser triggered systems or antenna systems.

A method includes defining a Center-of-Radiation Reference for a device under test, the CORR indicating a reference origin of an electromagnetic wave pattern formable with the DUT; determining a 3-dimensional orientation information with respect to the CORR, the 3-dimensional orientation information indicating a direction of the electromagnetic wave pattern; and providing the CORR and the 3-dimensional orientation information to a measurement system.

A radio-frequency three-dimensional electronic-photonic integrated circuit (RF 3D EPIC) comprises a radio-frequency (RF) photonic integrated circuit (PIC) layer, the RF PIC layer comprising, in a single integrated circuit, at least one RF antenna and at least one photonic device coupling the RF antenna to an optical interface, and further comprises an electronic-photonic integrated circuit (EPIC) assembly optically coupled to the optical interface of the RF PIC layer, the EPIC assembly comprising two or more integrated-circuit dies bonded to one another so as to form a die stack, wherein at least one of the two or more integrated-circuit dies comprises one or more integrated photonic devices and wherein each of the two or more integrated-circuit dies is electrically connected to at least one other integrated-circuit die via an electrically conductive through-wafer interconnect or an electrically conductive through-wafer via.