A method for beam forming includes providing multiple instances of holographic metasurface antennas (HMAs), a reference wave source coupled to the HMAs, and a hologram function for each of the HMAs; combining the object waves of the plurality of HMAs, generated in response to the reference wave, to produce a composite beam; and modifying a phase angle of the object wave from one or more of the HMAs by modifying the hologram function of the one or more HMAs in order to modify the composite beam.

A method for beam forming includes providing multiple instances of holographic metasurface antennas (HMAs), a reference wave source coupled to the HMAs, and a hologram function for each of the HMAs; combining the object waves of the plurality of HMAs, generated in response to the reference wave, to produce a composite beam; and modifying a phase angle of the object wave from one or more of the HMAs by modifying the hologram function of the one or more HMAs in order to modify the composite beam.

A system for forming a beam includes one or more wave sources; one or more surface scattering antennas (for example, one or more holographic metasurface antennas) coupled to the one or more wave sources, wherein each of the one or more surface scattering antennas comprises an array of scattering elements that are dynamically adjustable in response to one or more waves provided by the one or more wave sources to produce a beam; and a beam shaper configured to receive the beam from each of the one or more surface scattering antennas and to redirect the beam, preferably, with gain.

An internal conductor device for a waveguide radiator, in particular for a waveguide radiator with has at least one slotted waveguide, at least one support rail, with at least one dielectric unit that is arranged on the at least one support rail and comprises at least one dielectric element, and has at least one internal conductor that is arranged on the at least one dielectric unit, wherein the at least one internal conductor is fixed at least substantially mechanically on the at least one dielectric element and/or that the at least one dielectric element is fixed at least substantially mechanically on the at least one support rail.

A system, comprising a device including a circuit configured to produce a phase shift in a reflected signal, wherein a plurality of phase bits, which may be either switchable or static, are situated in parallel relative to one another within the device, wherein each switchable phase bit operates on a fraction of incident signal power, and wherein reflections from all parallel bits are recombined into a single signal reflected from the phase shifting device.

A transmission line device includes: a plurality of electrically conductive members stacked with interspaces therebetween, the plurality of electrically conductive members including three or more electrically conductive members; and a plurality of artificial magnetic conductors each located between two adjacent electrically conductive members among the plurality of electrically conductive members. Among the plurality of electrically conductive members, at least one electrically conductive member located between two endmost electrically conductive members is shaped as a plate having at least one slit. At least a portion of the plurality of artificial magnetic conductors is located around the at least one slit to suppress leakage of an electromagnetic wave propagating along the at least one slit.

Surface scattering antennas provide adjustable radiation fields by adjustably coupling scattering elements along a wave-propagating structure. In some approaches, the scattering elements are patch elements. In some approaches, the scattering elements are made adjustable by disposing an electrically adjustable material, such as a liquid crystal, in proximity to the scattering elements. Methods and systems provide control and adjustment of surface scattering antennas for various applications.

A steerable beam antenna includes a rotatable drum having a diffraction grating surface, and a waveguide feed including first and second conductive metal bases extending axially along the length of the drum, each of the bases having an inner surface spaced from and opposed to the inner surface of the other base, and a proximal surface spaced from the drum surface by a gap. First and second parallel conductive metal plates extend distally from the first and second bases, respectively, the first and second plates having respective inner surfaces separated by an inter-plate space. First and second dielectric strips are flush-mounted on the inner surfaces of the first and second conductive metal bases, respectively, the first dielectric strip extending longitudinally along the inner surface of the first base, and the second dielectric strip extending longitudinally along the inner surface of the second base, opposite the first dielectric strip.

The invention relates to an antenna system for electromagnetic waves in a microwave range. At least one directional antenna such as a Vivaldi antenna and/or an omnidirectional antenna such as a dipole antenna, with at least one central unit including at least one active member which is connectible with at least one reception/transmission system is disclosed. To make the system more flexible, the plugged-in antenna is capacitively coupled to at least one motherboard of the central unit and a booster module, an attenuation module, a calibration module, a combiner module, a filter module, or a passive module is optionally pluggable in the central unit to provide a pluggable module. The functionality of the central unit is determined based on the plugged-in module.

An electromagnetic wave radiator may include: a first metal layer; a plurality of metal side walls vertically protruding along an edge of the first metal layer; and a second metal layer suspended over the first metal layer. The second metal layer includes a plurality of ports radially extending from edges of the second metal layer and a plurality of slots penetrating the second metal layer in a radial direction.