Aspect of the present disclosure are directed to methods and apparatus producing enhanced radiation characteristics, e.g., wideband behavior, in or for antennas and related components by providing concentric sleeves, with air or dielectric material as a spacer, where the sleeves include one or more conductive layers, at least a portion of which includes fractal resonators closely spaced, in terms of wavelength. A further aspect of the present disclosure is directed to surfaces that include dual-use or multiple-use apertures. Such aperture engine surfaces can include a first layer of antenna arrays, a second layer including a metal-fractal backplane player, and a third layer including solar cells for solar cell or solar oriented power collection. Fractal metamaterial ribbons with multiple closely-packed fractal resonators are also disclosed.

An antenna includes a director-reflector unit, which includes two radiation elements, and a switch, and a main element configured to transmit and receive a signal. Total electrical length of the two radiation elements is greater than one half of a wavelength corresponding to an operating frequency band of the antenna, and electrical length of either of the two radiation elements is less than one half of the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the antenna. The two radiation elements are coupled using the switch and the director-reflector unit is used as a reflector and configured to reflect the signal transmitted and received by the main element when the switch is switched on, and the two radiation elements are decoupled and the director-reflector unit is used as a director and configured to direct the signal transmitted and received by the main element when the switch is switched off.

An apparatus including an antenna, a first split ring resonator, and a second split ring resonator disclosed. The first split ring resonator located on a first side of the antenna, wherein the first split ring resonator is magnetically coupled to the antenna. The second split ring resonator located on a second side of the antenna, wherein the second split ring resonator is magnetically coupled to the antenna.

Aspect of the present disclosure are directed to methods and apparatus producing enhanced radiation characteristics, e.g., wideband behavior, in or for antennas and related components by providing concentric sleeves, with air or dielectric material as a spacer, where the sleeves include one or more conductive layers, at least a portion of which includes fractal resonators closely spaced, in terms of wavelength. A further aspect of the present disclosure is directed to surfaces that include dual-use or multiple-use apertures. Such aperture engine surfaces can include a first layer of antenna arrays, a second layer including a metal-fractal backplane player, and a third layer including solar cells for solar cell or solar oriented power collection. Fractal metamaterial ribbons with multiple closely-packed fractal resonators are also disclosed.

Disclosed is an antenna having a toroidal gradient index lens, whereby a radiator may be disposed within the inner hole of the toroid. The antenna may include a mechanism that translates the radiator along the z-axis whereby an upward translation of the radiator along the z-axis tilts the antenna's elevation beam pattern downward. The radiator disposed within the hole of the toroid lens may be a dipole or a multi-sector radiator, such as a tri-sector radiator. Disclosed are two variations of the toroidal lens: a toroid shape, and a cylindrical toroidal shape.

An antenna system for an aircraft, comprising one or more antennas configured and arranged on the aircraft to provide a downlink rate of at least one Gbps, the one or more antennas permitting a base cell tower placement with a diameter of at least 60 km, the one or more antennas being configured and arranged to support multiple data streams simultaneously, the one or more antennas supporting multiple polarizations, the one or more antennas having a high gain over most of a hemisphere around the one or more antennas of ?85????85?, 0????360?.

A satellite signal receiving apparatus and an antenna pattern adjusting method thereof are provided. A coupling relationship between a main antenna and a plurality of pattern adjustment antennas is adjusted to thereby adjust an angle of the antenna pattern so that the average intensity of satellite signals attributed to target satellites and received by an antenna array is higher than a first preset intensity.

An electrically scanned TACAN antenna is provided. To elaborate, the electrically scanned TACAN antenna includes a reflection plate; a monopole antenna provided on an upper surface of the reflection plate and configured to omnidirectionally radiate a signal; multiple parasitic radiators arranged around the monopole antenna and configured to operate as reflectors that reflect the signal or directors that direct the signal; and a controller configured to control parasitic radiators operating as the reflectors to operate as the directors and some parasitic radiators among parasitic radiators operating as the directors to operate as the reflectors at every predetermined timing and controls an order to be the some parasitic radiators to be changed according to a preset sequence.

Aspect of the present disclosure are directed to methods and apparatus producing enhanced radiation characteristics, e.g., wideband behavior, in or for antennas and related components by providing concentric sleeves, with air or dielectric material as a spacer, where the sleeves include one or more conductive layers, at least a portion of which includes fractal resonators closely spaced, in terms of wavelength. A further aspect of the present disclosure is directed to surfaces that include dual-use or multiple-use apertures. Such aperture engine surfaces can include a first layer of antenna arrays, a second layer including a metal-fractal backplane player, and a third layer including solar cells for solar cell or solar oriented power collection. Fractal metamaterial ribbons with multiple closely-packed fractal resonators are also disclosed.

In some embodiments, an antenna system includes antenna elements for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic radiation. The antenna elements may be connected to a feed via a plurality of tunable impedance elements. At least some of the tunable impedance elements may have nonlinear responses to impedance tuning that can be numerically approximated by nonlinear impedance-tuning parameter curves with a cumulative number of selectable nonlinear coefficients. Control inputs to nonlinearly vary impedance values of the tunable impedance elements allow for the selection of distinct impedance patterns that correspond to distinct field patterns attainable by the antenna system. The number of field patterns attainable is a function of the number of control inputs and a cumulative number of selectable nonlinear coefficients. Thus, a selection of tunable impedance elements and control inputs may be made to attain a target number of field patterns to serve a desired coverage area.