Radiating elements of first and second linear arrays of radiating elements have respective feed stalks that can reside at an angle to provide a balanced dipole arm with an inner end portion laterally offset to be closer to a right or left side of the base station antenna and reflector than an outer end portion that faces a radome of the base station antenna. The feed stalk can include sheet metal legs and printed circuit boards providing an RF transmission line(s).

An electronic device may be provided with wireless circuitry. The wireless circuitry may include one or more antennas and transceiver circuitry such as millimeter wave transceiver circuitry. The antennas may be formed from metal traces on printed circuits. A flexible printed circuit may have an area on which the transceiver circuitry is mounted. Protruding portions may extend from the area on which the transceiver circuitry is mounted and may be separated from the area on which the transceiver circuitry is mounted by bends. Antenna resonating elements such as patch antenna resonating elements and dipole resonating elements may be formed on the protruding portions and may be used to transmit and receive millimeter wave antenna signals through dielectric-filled openings in a metal electronic device housing or a dielectric layer such as a display cover layer formed from glass or other dielectric.

A sensor may include a bladder, and a deformable conductor disposed on the bladder such that deformation of the bladder causes deformation of the deformable conductor, wherein the bladder is constrained so as to enhance the deformation of the conductor in response to the deformation of the bladder. A method may include applying a stimulus to a bladder having a deformable conductor attached thereto, detecting a change in an electrical characteristic associated with the deformable conductor in response to the stimulus, and selectively constraining the bladder to amplify the change in electrical characteristic in response to the stimulus.

A planar antenna formed on a front surface of a substrate whose back surface serves as a ground surface, the planar antenna includes: a radiating element; a feeding line connected with the radiating element; a first ground element and a second ground element which are respectively electrically connected to the ground surface and are arranged to be opposed to each other across the feeding line; a first parasitic element extending from the first ground element to surround at least a part of the radiating element; and a second parasitic element extending from the second ground element to surround at least a part of the radiating element from an opposite direction from the first parasitic element, wherein the first ground element and the second ground element serve as impedance matching devices for the feeding line.

A first device may generate optical signals of different polarizations. Photodiodes may use the optical signals to transmit wireless signals at different polarizations and at a frequency greater than 100 GHz using the optical signals. A second device may receive the wireless signals and may convert the wireless signals into optical signals. A Stokes vector receiver on the second device may generate Stokes vectors based on the optical signals. Control circuitry on the second device may use the Stokes vectors generated for a series of training data in the wireless signals to generate a rotation matrix that characterizes polarization rotation between the first and second devices. The control circuitry may multiply wireless data in subsequently received wireless signals by the rotation matrix to mitigate the polarization rotation and other transmission impairments while using minimal resources.

An antenna structure includes an asymmetric antenna, an antenna feed and a ground plane connected to the asymmetric antenna via the antenna feed. The ground plane includes radials which radiate from the antenna feed. Each of the radials includes: a first conductive element having a first end and a second end, the first end being conductively connected to the antenna feed, a second conductive element conductively unconnected to the first conductive element and to the antenna feed, and a resistor connecting the second end of the first conductive element to the second conductive element.

Disclosed is a mounting module, an antenna apparatus, and a method of manufacturing a mounting module. The mounting module includes a board; an antenna mounted on a first surface of the board, an RF circuit unit mounted on a second surface of the board, and a feeding line to electrically connect the RF circuit unit and the antenna through the board, thereby reducing a loss of signal power.

An antenna device includes a package, a radiating element, and a director. The package includes a radio frequency (RF) die and a molding compound in contact with a sidewall of the RF die. The radiating element is in the molding compound and electrically coupled to the RF die. The director is in the molding compound, wherein the radiating element is between the director and the RF die, and a top of the radiating element is substantially coplanar with a top of the director.

Provided is a zero-clearance fifth-generation (5G) ultra-wideband (UWB) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna, including a main dielectric substrate, lateral dielectric substrates, and multiple antenna elements, where the lateral dielectric substrates are arranged at two sides of the main dielectric substrate; the multiple antenna elements are arranged on the lateral dielectric substrates; the antenna elements each include a feeding element and a grounding radiator element; the feeding element is provided at an inner side of each of the lateral dielectric substrates; and the grounding radiator element is provided at an outer side of the lateral dielectric substrate. Under a combined action of the feeding element and the grounding radiator element, the present disclosure forms a dual-resonant antenna structure to effectively cover N77, N78, N79 and 5G wireless local area network bands in 5G mobile communication, and achieves the desirable antenna efficiency as well as desirable isolation and ECC between the antenna elements.

The present application discloses embodiments that relate to an electromagnetic apparatus. In one aspect, the present apparatus includes a circuit board configured to propagate an electromagnetic signal. The apparatus also includes a waveguide configured to propagate an electromagnetic signal. The apparatus further includes a coupling port configured to couple a signal between the circuit board and the waveguide, where the coupling port has dimensions based on a desired impedance of the port.