An antenna system has a two-dimensional field of view, yet can be implemented on a surface, such as on electronic or photonic integrated circuits. The antenna system includes an array of antennas disposed in a predetermined non-linear pattern and a two-dimensional beamforming network (BFN). The antenna system can be steered/selectively beamformed in two dimensions through beam port selection. The beamforming network is disposed entirely on a single first surface. The beamforming network has a one-dimensional array-side interface disposed on the first surface and a one-dimensional beam-side interface disposed on the first surface. The antennas of the array of antennas are individually communicably coupled to the array-side interface. Segments of the beam-side interface map to respective pixels in the two-dimensional field of view.

An electrically small electroquasistatic antenna having a structure that reduces radiated magnetic fields and maintains suitable radiated electrical fields. The electroquasistatic antenna is a dipole antenna that is electrically short, which presents as a capacitor for use as an electroquasistatic antenna, with one or multiple counterposed inductive elements to resonate the antenna and provide high efficiency while simultaneously canceling the external magnetic fields. The electroquasistatic antenna may be configured for operation as an electroquasistatic exciter or electroquasistatic detector.

An antenna radiates signals in Band41 whose center frequency is λ.sub.1 and Band42 whose center frequency is λ.sub.2. A medium substrate is used as a carrier of a top radiating element, a phase inversion unit, and a bottom radiating element; an end of the top radiating element is connected to an end of the phase inversion unit; the other end of the phase inversion unit is connected to an end of the bottom radiating element, a length of the phase inversion unit is 3λ.sub.2/2, and the length of the phase inversion unit is greater than λ.sub.1/2; and the phase inversion unit includes at least two current phase inversion points, a part between the at least two current phase inversion points does not produce radiation, and the top radiating element and the bottom radiating element horizontally radiate the signal in the Band41 and the signal in the Band42 omnidirectionally.

An antenna radiates signals in Band41 whose center frequency is λ.sub.1 and Band42 whose center frequency is λ.sub.2. A medium substrate is used as a carrier of a top radiating element, a phase inversion unit, and a bottom radiating element; an end of the top radiating element is connected to an end of the phase inversion unit; the other end of the phase inversion unit is connected to an end of the bottom radiating element, a length of the phase inversion unit is 3λ.sub.2/2, and the length of the phase inversion unit is greater than λ.sub.1/2; and the phase inversion unit includes at least two current phase inversion points, a part between the at least two current phase inversion points does not produce radiation, and the top radiating element and the bottom radiating element horizontally radiate the signal in the Band41 and the signal in the Band42 omnidirectionally.

An antenna comprising first and second radiating elements disposed in a collinear configuration on a dielectric substrate, wherein the first radiating element comprises a feed point. A first inter-element phasing section is conductively coupled to the first and second radiating elements, and has a meander line configuration adapted such that the first and second radiating elements radiate electro-magnetic radiation in-phase over a first range of frequencies. Third and fourth radiating elements are disposed in a collinear configuration on the substrate, and the third radiating element is electromagnetically coupled in parasitic relation to the first radiating element. A second inter-element phasing section is conductively coupled to the third and fourth radiating elements, and has a meander line configuration adapted such that the third and fourth radiating elements radiate electromagnetic radiation in-phase over a second range of frequencies which is different from the first range of frequencies.

Provided is a PCB antenna, including a PCB substrate, first and second radiating portions, the first radiating portion includes a first radiator, second and third radiators extending therefrom to form a feeding groove, and first and second openings provided on the second and third radiators; the second radiating portion includes a fourth radiator and fifth and sixth radiators extending therefrom, a seventh radiator and eighth and ninth radiators extending therefrom, tenth and eleventh radiators symmetrically extending from the fourth radiator to the seventh radiator; the tenth and eleventh radiators extend towards the first radiating portion to form twelfth and thirteenth radiators, and form third and fourth slots with the second and third radiators; the fifth radiator extends to the feeding groove. The PCB antenna provided by the present invention can enhance the medium and high frequency resonance and provide antenna design in a frequency band of 5G-Sub6G.

Provided is a PCB antenna, including a PCB substrate, first and second radiating portions, the first radiating portion includes a first radiator, second and third radiators extending therefrom to form a feeding groove, and first and second openings provided on the second and third radiators; the second radiating portion includes a fourth radiator and fifth and sixth radiators extending therefrom, a seventh radiator and eighth and ninth radiators extending therefrom, tenth and eleventh radiators symmetrically extending from the fourth radiator to the seventh radiator; the tenth and eleventh radiators extend towards the first radiating portion to form twelfth and thirteenth radiators, and form third and fourth slots with the second and third radiators; the fifth radiator extends to the feeding groove. The PCB antenna provided by the present invention can enhance the medium and high frequency resonance and provide antenna design in a frequency band of 5G-Sub6G.

An antenna structure includes a loop radiation element and a first radiation element. The loop radiation element has a first end and a second end. A feeding point is positioned at the first end of the loop radiation element. A grounding point is positioned at the second end of the loop radiation element. The first radiation element has a first end and a second end. The first end of the first radiation element is coupled to a first connection point on the loop radiation element. The second end of the first radiation element is open. The antenna structure covers a first frequency band and a second frequency band.

A antenna assembly includes: a first antenna disposed on the first support provided with a first through hole, wherein the first antenna includes a first part disposed on an upper surface of the first support, a second part disposed inside the first through hole, and a third part disposed on a lower surface of the first support; a first connecting plate, an upper surface of which abuts against the third part, and lower surface is attached to an upper surface of the circuit board; a second connecting plate, an upper surface of which is attached to a lower surface of the circuit board; and a second antenna disposed on a middle frame of the terminal and connected to a lower surface of the second connecting plate, the first antenna being connected to a feed point of the second antenna through the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate.

A beamforming apparatus is constructed from a pliable medium and a conductor pattern disposed on the pliable medium to form a foldable Rotman lens.