A TEM line to double-ridged waveguide launcher and horn antenna are disclosed. The launcher uses multiple probes or one or more wide-aspect probes across the ridge gap to minimize spreading inductance and a TEM combiner or matching taper to match the impedance of the probes over a broad bandwidth. The horn uses a power-law scaling of gap height relative to the other dimensions of the horn's taper in order to provide a monotonic decrease of cutoff frequencies in all high-order modes. Both of these techniques permit the implementation of ultra-wideband designs at high frequencies where fabrication tolerances are most difficult to meet.

According to the present disclosure, an antenna apparatus which includes a hollow pillar shaped waveguide extending in a first direction and at least one ridge protruding from an inner circumferential surface of the waveguide and extending in the first direction, wherein the ridge has at least one recessed groove formed in the first direction; and an antenna apparatus which includes the waveguide, the ridge and the iris structure protruding from the inner circumferential surface of the waveguide along a plane intersecting the first direction, are provided.

According to the present disclosure, an antenna apparatus which includes a hollow pillar shaped waveguide extending in a first direction and at least one ridge protruding from an inner circumferential surface of the waveguide and extending in the first direction, wherein the ridge has at least one recessed groove formed in the first direction; and an antenna apparatus which includes the waveguide, the ridge and the iris structure protruding from the inner circumferential surface of the waveguide along a plane intersecting the first direction, are provided.

A waveguide antenna with an antenna proximal side and an antenna distal side. A number of waveguide openings for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic signals to and/or from an environmental space is arranged at the antenna distal side. The waveguide antenna includes an antenna interface structure that includes interface waveguide apertures arranged in an interface carrying surface that extends transverse to a normal axis. Each interface waveguide aperture is coupled with at least one associated waveguide opening such that the respective interface waveguide aperture and the associated waveguide opening(s) are offset with respect to each other transverse to the normal axis. Each interface waveguide aperture and at least one coupled waveguide opening are configured for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic signals with respective polarizations rotated against each other. At least two neighboring interface waveguide apertures may be interlaced with each other, and/or the interface waveguide apertures may in each case enable a simultaneous and/or alternative transferring of at least two electromagnetic signals of different polarization, and/or the interface waveguide apertures may have different aperture orientations.

A millimeter-wave antenna includes a slit which is provided in a GND conductor formed in a first surface of a circuit board, a horn antenna which is provided with a first opening and a second opening, and an impedance matching device which is provided in a slot shape between the slit and the first opening of the horn antenna. The impedance matching device is formed in the slot shape which is filled with a dielectric having a dielectric constant different from that of the circuit board. The impedance matching device is configured such that a length of the slot shape in a propagation direction is less than of a wavelength of a use frequency upper limit. The impedance matching device is configured such that a size of a rectangular shape of the slot shape in a magnetic field direction is larger than the first opening of the horn antenna.

Methods and systems for detection of threats in secure areas are disclosed. Microwaves are transmitted into high traffic areas and are reflected off or transmitted through targets within that area. The resulting signals are detected at receiving antennas which are designed to have a high cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) such that co- and cross-polarizations of the resulting signals are separable for further processing. The receiving antennas of the present invention comprise elliptical antennas with a double-ridged waveguide on the interior and a conically-shaped exterior. This particular design for the receiving antennas allows to technologically obtain an XPD of about 30 dB or more for solid angles measured from a receiving antenna's boresight (the main lobe axis), and formed by rotating the corresponding 30-degree planar angle around the main lobe axis, the solid angles measuring approximately 0.84 sr, in a frequency range between 9.5 and 20 GHz.

The present disclosure describes a multi-band antenna having a horn configured to communicate signals in a first frequency band and a second frequency band, an in-line feed, and sidewall feeds. The in-line feed may be coupled to an in-line opening in the horn to communicate signals in the first frequency band. The horn may include first and second openings to communicate signals in the second frequency band. The sidewall feeds may have first and second side feeds respectively coupled to the first and second openings.

A TEM line to double-ridged waveguide launcher and horn antenna are disclosed. The launcher uses multiple probes or one or more wide-aspect probes across the ridge gap to minimize spreading inductance and a TEM combiner or matching taper to match the impedance of the probes over a broad bandwidth. The horn uses a power-law scaling of gap height relative to the other dimensions of the horn's taper in order to provide a monotonic decrease of cutoff frequencies in all high-order modes. Both of these techniques permit the implementation of ultra-wideband designs at high frequencies where fabrication tolerances are most difficult to meet.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure discloses a 5G millimeter-wave novel dual-polarized horn antenna. The antenna includes an upper plate, a lower plate, a front plate, a rear plate and a cover plate, the cover plate is disposed on a rear end of the antenna, the front plate and the rear plate are disposed between the upper and lower plate, an excitation cavity structure is defined in the upper plate, the lower plate, the front plate, the rear plate and the cover plate, an excitation cavity with a rectangular cross section is formed in the cavity structure, the cross section of the excitation cavity is gradually reduced from right to left and then kept unchangeable, the left end of the excitation cavity is sealed through the cover plate, the upper plate, the lower plate, the front plate and the rear plate in the excitation cavity all include a curve ridge.

A sensor arrangement which is configured for measuring a filling level, a limit level and/or a pressure and has an antenna for transmitting and/or receiving a measurement signal, a waveguide with a first waveguide section for connection to the antenna and a second waveguide section, configured for transmitting the measurement signal, and a heat insulating element. The heat insulating element is arranged between the first and second waveguide sections and is arranged to at least partially prevent heat conduction between the first and second waveguide sections. The invention further relates to a heat insulating element for a sensor arrangement, the use of a heat insulating element for heat insulation of electronics of a level, limit level and/or pressure measuring device and the use of a sensor arrangement in a process plant.