An electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure includes an antenna substrate layer, first conductive regions, and second conductive regions. The antenna substrate includes a first planar surface and a second planar surface. The first conductive regions are located on the first planar surface of the antenna substrate and separated from adjacent first conductive regions by a first distance. The second conductive regions are located on the first planar surface of the antenna substrate and are separated from the first conductive regions by a second distance and wherein the second conductive regions at least partially surround the first conductive regions.

Antennas oriented at a first orientation toward an area of interest can transform radar signals through a first transformation that physically maps the plurality of radar signals with a plurality of unique beam angles corresponding to a plurality of unique frequencies. Antennas oriented at a second orientation toward the area of interest can transform radar signals through a second transformation completing the first transformation. A frequency scan can be performed on a first plurality of responses to first radar signals to identify first spatial data along a first dimension. Second spatial data at second spatial location along a second dimension can be created from a second plurality of responses corresponding to the second transformation. An image can be generated using the first spatial data and the second spatial data while a range value of the area of interest can be determined using the first plurality of responses.

An antenna system is provided. The antenna system includes a modal antenna disposed on a circuit board. The modal antenna includes a driven element and a parasitic element. The modal antenna is operable in a plurality of different modes. Each of the plurality of modes has a distinct radiation pattern. The antenna system further includes a radio frequency amplifier circuit disposed on the circuit board. The radio frequency amplifier circuit is coupled between the drive element of the modal antenna and a transmission line.

Methods and systems for a steerable antenna array are disclosed. The antenna array includes an array of antenna elements aligned in rows and columns on a substrate. Additionally, the antenna array includes a microstrip feed within the substrate, where the feed is configured to electromagnetically couple to each antenna element of the array of antenna elements. The antenna array further includes a ground plane within the substrate. Additionally, for each antenna element, the antenna array includes a first cavity disposed between the ground plane and feed, and a second cavity disposed on the other side of the ground plane from the first cavity. The antenna array further includes a plurality of fluid lines configured to selectively add or remove fluid from the cavities coupled to the fluid line and cause a deflection of the ground plane in a region of the cavities coupled to the fluid line.

A scanning antenna is provided in the present disclosure. The scanning antenna includes a first substrate and a second substrate which are arranged oppositely; a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a feed signal access terminal and a plurality of phase shift units, where the plurality of phase shift units is connected with each other, each phase shift unit is connected to the feed signal access terminal, and electrical lengths between at least two phase shift units and the feed signal access terminal are different. The present disclosure not only realizes one-dimensional wave beam scanning, but also has desirable scanning effect. The bias voltage is not needed to be independently applied to each phase shift unit, which can greatly simplify the bias voltage line configuration and be beneficial for reducing production cost and wiring difficulty.

A microstrip antenna includes a dielectric substrate, a ground electrode provided on a first surface of the substrate, an antenna element including a plurality of radiating elements on a second surface of the substrate opposite the first surface so as to extend parallel to one another and a connecting element provided on the second surface to extend in a direction intersecting with the radiating elements and connect the radiating elements, a feed line including a first end portion connected to a portion of the endmost radiating element in plan view, where the portion is located on an extension of the connecting element, and a second end portion provided on a side surface of the substrate between the first and second surfaces to receive power, and a connection line including a section located on the side surface along the feed line and connecting the endmost radiating element to the ground electrode.

A tera-sample-per-second waveform generator comprising: a first transmission line having a terminated end and an output end; an anti-reflection load coupled to the terminated end of the first transmission line; a plurality of current sources, wherein each current source is configured to inject current into the first transmission line; and a second transmission line configured to feed the first transmission line with a seed signal through the plurality of current sources such that the second transmission line has a different time delay between current sources than the first transmission line, wherein the seed signal triggers the current sources to inject current into the first transmission line in order to generate an output waveform.

A dual-frequency and dual-circularly-polarized transmit-array antenna with independently controllable beams includes a planar broadband circularly polarized feed array and a planar transmit-array, the planar broadband circularly polarized feed array being placed near a focal plane of the planar transmit-array. The planar broadband circularly polarized feed array includes K-band left/right-handed circularly polarized feeds and Ka-band left/right-handed circularly polarized feeds that are integrated in the same plane. The planar transmit-array includes K-band and Ka-band dual-circularly-polarized phase shifting cells that are periodically staggered in a shared-aperture manner and based on an architecture of receiving antenna-phase shifting stripline-transmitting antenna. The antenna realize independent adjustment of right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized transmit phases in the K-band and the Ka-band, and it possesses the advantages such as miniaturization, low profile, and easy integration, and so on, thus having significant application prospects in fields such as satellite communications.

An antenna system is provided. The antenna system includes a modal antenna disposed on a circuit board. The modal antenna includes a driven element and a parasitic element. The modal antenna is operable in a plurality of different modes. Each of the plurality of modes has a distinct radiation pattern. The antenna system further includes a radio frequency amplifier circuit disposed on the circuit board. The radio frequency amplifier circuit is coupled between the drive element of the modal antenna and a transmission line.

A multibending antenna structure includes a substrate, a microstrip antenna layer, and at least a decouple unit. The microstrip antenna layer is disposed on one side of the substrate. The microstrip antenna layer includes a plurality of radiation units which are respectively formed in a multibending shape and forming a concave area. The radiation units are sequentially connected to form an antenna array, and a plurality of antenna arrays are disposed in a transversely parallel arrangement, with an interval between each two neighboring antenna arrays. The decouple unit is disposed between the neighboring antenna arrays. When the input end of the radiation unit receives a signal input to emit an electromagnetic wave having a radiation energy, the half-power beam width thereof is increased.